Select any diagnosis
1.) Give a brief definition of the diagnosis and write about what the diagnosis entails. 2.) Before learning about the diagnosis was your knowledge of the diagnosis accurate? 3.) What are your personal experiences with this particular diagnosis? Have you known anyone (family or friends etc.) with this particular diagnosis?
Sample Solution
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You will prepare the SHRM case analysis on “Designing a Pay Structure,” which consists of your completion of Tasks A–J that simulate the creation of a compensation system for an organization in meeting its goals and supporting its mission. In your analysis, respond to the following tasks found in the case study by using Excel.
Your case analysis should consist of:
Task A: Create a complete job description for the benefits manager position using O*NET.
Task B: Calculate the job evaluation points for the administrative assistant, payroll assistant, operational analyst, and benefits manager jobs. Provide a rationale for assigning specific degrees to the various jobs.
Task C: If there were any outliers (i.e., extreme data points) in the data, what would you recommend doing with them? From this point forward, assume no extreme data points exist in the dataset.
Task D: Conduct a simple regression in Excel to create a market pay line by entering the job evaluation points (on the X axis) and the respective weighted average market base pay (on the Y axis) for each benchmark job.
Task E: What is your R squared (variance explained)? Is it sufficient to proceed?
Task F: Calculate the predicted base pay for each benchmark job.
Task G: Because your company wants to lead in base pay by 3%, adjust the predicted pay rates to determine the base pay rate you will offer for each benchmark job.
Task H: Create pay grades by combining any benchmark jobs that are substantially comparable for pay purposes. Clearly label your pay grades and explain why you combined any benchmark jobs to form a grade.
Task I: Use your answer to Task H to determine the pay range (i.e., minimum and maximum) for each pay grade.
Task J: Given the pay structure you have generated, consider the following: Does this pay structure make good business sense? Do you think it is consistent with the organization’s business strategy? What are the implications of this pay structure for other HR systems, such as retention and recruiting?
Your analysis of this case and your written submission should reflect an understanding of the critical issues of the case, integrating the material covered in the text, and present concise and well-reasoned justifications for the stance that you take. You are to complete this case analysis using Excel in a spreadsheet analysis format.
You may discuss your case analysis assignment with the class, but you must submit your own original work.
Case analysis tips: Avoid common errors in case analyses, such as:
Focusing too heavily on minor issues.
Lamenting because of insufficient data in the case and ignoring creative alternatives.
Rehashing of case data — you should assume the reader knows the case.
Not appropriately evaluating the quality of the case’s data.
Obscuring the quantitative analysis or making it difficult to understand.
Typical “minus (–)” grades result from submissions that:
Are late.
Are not well integrated and lack clarity.
Do not address timing issues.
Do not recognize the cost implications or are not practical.
Get carried away with personal biases and are not pertinent to the key issues.
Are not thoroughly proofread and corrected.
Make sure your document includes:
Your name
Date
Course name and section number
Unit number
Case name
Page numbers
The case analysis should contain Tasks A–J stated in the case in Excel. Check for correct spelling, grammar, punctuation, mechanics, and usage. Citations should be in APA style.
The case study presented asks you to work through calculations for a pay structure involving 5 different positions. This is a pretty heavy set of tasks to accomplish in one week. Fortunately, I have been able to readjust this a bit so that the work load would be manageable in a week’s time.
FOR THE UNIT 4 ASSIGNMENT, YOU ONLY NEED TO CALCULATE FOR THE FRONT DESK RECEPTIONIST AND THE BENEFITS MANAGER POSITIONS. You do NOT have to calculate for the other 3 positions: Administrative Assistant, Payroll Assistant, Operations Analyst.
Additionally, since this involves math (and a little statistics), I have put together supportive material (see below) to help guide you through how to do this. PLEASE just follow the guidance below and you will be able to move through this easily.
PLEASE be sure to not wait until the last minute to do the Unit 4 Assignment. There’s a lot to it, so I don’t want anyone to be surprised.
I can’t provide a sample since that would contain the answers… But that’s okay, you can take this piece by piece..! PLEASE READ THESE DETAILS BELOW CAREFULLY. If you take it slowly, this goes pretty well. (And! If you get to the math portion below and you feel out of your element, PLEASE touch base with the Math Tutor (see separate announcement about Academic Support Centers for links). They offer wonderful assistance!
First, let’s take this steps..!
In Task A, you have to create one job description for the Benefits Manager. There are details in how to approach this and in the Appendix there are other job descriptions for the other positions so you can see how these should look. The case study provides suggestions about where to go to get info on this job description. So please read through those details for more guidance.
Next, in Task B, you will calculate the job evaluation points for positions. If you look just above the Task B item (on the previous page), you’ll see info and a sample of how to do this based on the receptionist position. Don’t forget to provide your rationale for the job evaluation points assigned. Use those same items as in the sample chart – Skills, Responsibility, Effort (and their subcategories). You can change up the percentages these are worth as you see fit for each job… Please be sure to remember that you have to take into consideration what would be required for each of the elements in the job evaluation – again read the sample that gets you started. For instance, in the education area, please remember that the weight would be more for a job that needs a Bachelor’s degree rather than a high school diploma/GED. Please also be sure that you multiple the Degree times the Weight to get the Points for each line (far right item). Then total that Points column at the bottom. This needs to be done for each Benchmark job. And each one should have a different Points total as they have different requirements from each other.
And in Task C, here’s a little further help/guidance with regard to completing this. The first part deals with what to do with outliers. That would require you to address this via text in your document. (Again your readings will support this, and you can also do more research online if you’d like. Don’t forget to use supporting citations when you can – these strengthen your academic work..!)
The second part deals with calculating weighted means. (This isn’t as bad as it sounds – I promise..!)
Weighted means of base pay should be calculated for each benchmark job from the survey data. Weighted means, as compared to simple means, are calculated to better represent the market data (Milkovich & Newman, 2008). A simple mean would be calculated by adding up the average base pay rates and dividing by the number of organizations (six in this case); but small and large companies would both be given the same weight if using a simple mean. A weighted mean gives equal weight to each job incumbent’s wage and thus is more representative of the data. For example:
Mean # of employees
Co. A 30,000 2
Co. B 15,000 10
The simple mean salary is $22,500.
[(30000 + 15000) / 2 = 22500]
But the weighted mean salary is $17,500.
[(2/12 * 30000) + (10/12 * 15000) = 17500]
For each position, you take the number of employees in Co. A, which is 2. Divide that into the total number of employees in all companies, which is 12. Or 2/12… Which equals 0.16667.
Then multiply that by the mean salary in Co. A, which is $30,000.
So, 30,000 times 0.16667 equals 5,000.
Then for the next company, Co. B, you do the same with those numbers. You take the number of employees in Co. B, which is 10. Divide that into the total number of employees in all companies, which is 12. Or 10/12… Which equals 0.833333.
Then multiply that by the mean salary in Co. B, which is $15,000.
So, 15,000 times 0. 0.833333 equals 12,500.
Do this for the Front Desk Receptionist and the Benefits Manager companies.
For Task D, you are asked to do some statistics with a regression analysis. Don’t worry..! Keep reading and you will see a link to an online calculator that can help you with this! 
Regression analysis is “the statistical tool for the investigation of the relationship between variables” (Sykes n.d.). It is used when data is analyzed to determine the causal effect of one variable upon another variable. For example, the effect of the increased cost of a gallon/litre of gasoline/petrol on the demand for that product is determined via “regression analysis”.
If you want to do the regression analysis calculation in Excel (rather than using the online calculator link that is below), you can go to:
https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/law_and_economics/51/ – here you will find the article “An introduction to Regression Analysis” by Dr. Alan Sykes that may help you understand regression analysis more clearly and help you in answering the discussion questions below.
Video for how to run the regression analysis in Excel:
http://www.wikihow.com/Run-Regression-Analysis-in-Microsoft-Excel
NOTE: I have Excel 2010, so getting the Regression Toolpak added in was easy. You may have to add this Excel Analysis Toolpak in – no matter what version of Excel you may have. Here is link to how to add that toolpak, for the various Excel versions:
https://support.office.com/en-us/article/load-the-analysis-toolpak-in-excel-6a63e598-cd6d-42e3-9317-6b40ba1a66b4
AND FINALLY, IF YOU WANT TO JUST USE AN ONLINE SIMPLE REGRESSION CALCULATOR FOR TASKS D AND E (GETTING THE R SQUARED NUMBER BUT STILL YOU HAVE TO ANSWER THE QUESTION IN TASK E AS WELL…) (AND SKIP USING EXCEL), YOU CAN GO HERE:
http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/linear1/
Here you would plug in your Job Evaluation Points for each position in Task B (under the X column), and also the corresponding weighted average salary for each position in Task C (under the Y column). It would look something like this:
Regression Analysis
Job Evaluation Weighted
Points Avg. $
X Y
Recept. 120 19944.44
Admin Asst. 145 29458.33
Pay Asst. 175 34000
Ops Analyst 215 56875
Ben Mgr. 245 62900
NOTE: THE JOB EVALUATION POINTS YOU HAVE WILL BE DIFFERENT FROM THE EXAMPLE ABOVE. EVERYONE WILL HAVE SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT POINT VALUES, AND THAT IS PERFECTLY OKAY. THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE SALARIES THOUGH MUST MATCH THE ONES IN THIS EXAMPLE. SO IF YOU DIDN’T QUITE GET THE ANSWERS RIGHT FOR TASK C, PLEASE GO AHEAD AND USE THESE WEIGHTED AVERAGE SALARY FIGURES.
Once you run your simple regression through the calculator link (http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/linear1/ ), you will get results that will look something like this (yours will be different since everyone will have different job evaluation points that they created in Task B – again, that’s perfectly okay):
Best-fit values
Slope 360.33 ± 36.29
Y-intercept -24324.19 ± 6737
X-intercept 66.31
1/Slope 0.002798
95% Confidence Intervals
Slope 241.9 to 472.9
Y-intercept -45137 to -2262
X-intercept 9.211 to 96.90
Goodness of Fit
R square 0.9700
Sy.x 3683
Is slope significantly non-zero?
F 96.99
DFn,DFd 1,3
P Value 0.0022
Deviation from horizontal? Significant
Data
Number of XY pairs 5
Equation Y = 360.33*X – 24324.19
Note: I’ve gone through this material and it really does provide useful info that can basically hold your hand through this process. So I encourage you to take a look and follow along – I hope it you find this helpful! (I really think you will!)
Now, let’s focus on the next bit to get you started..! The first item that Task D asks for is: Identify the slope and y-intercept and write the equation for the market pay line.
Regression creates a “line of best fit” by merging the job evaluation points (X) and the external salary data (Y). The resulting regression line is used to predict the base pay (Y) for a specific number of job evaluation points (X). The equation for the simple regression line (as it is for any line) can be represented as: y=mx+b; in which:
y =the predicted base pay
m =the slope of the line
x =the job evaluation points
b =the y-intercept
So, for example, if the regression results show that m = 400 and b is -20000, then the equation is y=400(x) – 20000 and the predicted pay rate for a job assigned 100 points would be y= 400(100)-20000, or $20,000.
The regression output will also show information about how good the regression line fits the data. Specifically, look at the “R squared” in the regression output. Generally, the R squared, referred to as variance explained, should be .95 or higher. If R squared is significantly lower than this, there may be problems stemming from the job evaluation step. For example, the points assigned to certain benchmark jobs may be off – i.e., not make sense given the level of tasks, duties and responsibilities required for the job and the knowledge, skills and abilities needed by the job incumbent. If this is the case, re-examine the job descriptions and reconsider the points assigned to the benchmark jobs. Alternatively, there may be errors in the weighted average calculations. After conducting the regression again, examine the new R squared.
To calculate the slope of the market pay line, look in the Excel regression output for the “Coefficient of the X Variable.” The y-intercept is located in the regression output as the “Coefficient of the Intercept.” Be sure to write out the regression equation appropriately. Here’s an example:
Y = m(x)+b
Y = 360.33(x) -24324.19
Sample Solution
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Apply one of the challenges it’s facing it can be marketing challenge, communication challenge, facility management challenges (for instance the impact of the COVID-19, and what are the challenges organizations are facing to overcome this pandemic on the economic, social level (for you to choose)). Furthermore, you need to apply the following in the term paper:
The term paper should be designed on the following:
1) Introduction the organization you are focusing on, explaining the content of the term paper.
2) Literature review: explaining principals; issues surround the selected topic.
3) Analysis:
a. Focus on the challenges the organization is dealing with.
b. Focus on the exact challenge that you want to point out.
c. Find out how to overcome this challenge (based on literature).
4) Conclusion and recommendation.
Sample Solution
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Question 1
Constance asks Kathy if Kathy will sell her used business book for $50. What is the status of the negotiation?
No offer has been made.
An offer has been made, but it may be revoked.
An offer has been made that may not be revoked.
A contract has been entered into.
A contract has been entered into, but it may be set-aside at the option of either party.
4 points
Question 2
Which of the following is FALSE regarding rights of an assignee and assignor?
Assignees essentially fill in for the assignor as the legal recipient of contractual duties.
Assignees acquire the same rights as the assignor had.
Assignees are offered additional protection than assignors.
The obligor may raise any of the same defenses for nonperformance to the assignee that he or she would have been able to raise against the assignor.
When an assignor transfers rights to an assignee, the assignor legally gives up all rights he or she previously had to collect on the contract.
4 points
Question 3
Marcy’s mother, Sue, did not want her to date until she was older. She also wanted Marcy to attend law school. Just before Marcy started her freshman year in college, Sue told Marcy that if Marcy would refrain from dating until she received her law degree, then Sue would pay off all of Marcy’s school loans and throw in an extra $50,000. Marcy agreed and stated, “Thanks, Mom; when I graduate, I’m throwing you a big party for all you have done for me!” Sue smiles and hugs Marcy. Marcy finished law school and asked for payment of her loans, the $50,000 in cash, and for a car. Sue said, “No way—I know you went out on some dates during law school, and I never agreed on the car.” Marcy said those were just study nights and that her mother had never objected to Marcy’s frequent statements that she wanted a car upon graduation. Sue asks about the party. Marcy tells her that she is nuts because there is no way Marcy can afford a party since Sue has backed out of the deal. After some serious negotiation, Marcy and Sue settled their dispute with Sue agreeing to pay for half of Marcy’s school loans and for all of the expenses of Marcy’s upcoming wedding; Sue also agreed to forget about Marcy throwing a party for her. Was there sufficient consideration to support Marcy’s agreement to throw a party for Sue?
Yes, sufficient consideration was present.
No, there was insufficient consideration because Sue did not promise anything in exchange.
No, there was insufficient consideration because Marcy’s agreement was illusory.
No, because throwing a party is not of a monetary value such as to constitute consideration.
No, because close relatives are involved.
4 points
Question 4
When a party’s obligations under a contract are terminated, the party is said to be __________.
finished
terminated
completed
discharged
recoursed
4 points
Question 5
Distinguishing between unilateral and mutual mistakes is important because the classification bears on which contracts __________.
are void
are voidable
lack consideration
lack legality
none of these because mutual mistakes are not recognized in the area of contracts
4 points
Question 6
Which of the following would NOT be viewed as an example of consideration?
A promise to stay in a job until a particular project is completed
A promise to your football coach to refrain from riding your motorcycle during football season even though you love riding it
A promise to cook dinner for your roommate for the next six months
A promise to stop drinking alcohol during exam week
A promise to pay your employees as required by law
4 points
Question 7
Which of the following occurs when a party to a contract transfers his or her rights to a contract to a third party?
assignment
referral
disgorgement
privity
transfer
4 points
Question 8
In Hamer v. Sidway, the New York Court of Appeals found that forbearance:
negates the enforceability of a contract.
is not mandatory for a contract to be binding.
is unconstitutional.
is sufficient consideration for a valid contract.
is insufficient consideration for a valid contract.
4 points
Question 9
Consideration is defined as __________.
being cordial in the negotiation of contracts
refraining from unethical behavior in the negotiation of contracts
being both cordial and refraining from unethical behavior in the negotiation of contracts
a bargained-for exchange
a contract negotiated in person as opposed to by telephone or e-mail
4 points
Question 10
Which of the following is an example of consideration?
A benefit to the promisor but not a detriment to the promisee
A detriment to the promisee but not a benefit to the promisor
A promise to do something, a benefit to the promisor, or a detriment to the promisee
An accepted offer
A valid counteroffer
4 points
Question 11
Which of the following occurs when a party unjustifiably fails to substantially perform his or her obligations under the contract?
Material breach
Substantial breach
Immaterial breach
Delineated breach
Crossed breach
4 points
Question 12
If the plaintiff is seeking legal damages which would put him or her in the same position he or she would have been in had the contract been fully performed, he or she is suing for __________ damages.
equitable
compensatory
deserved
learned
punitive
4 points
Question 13
What are the elements of a binding contract?
Offer, acceptance, consideration, and assent
Acceptance, consideration, assent, and legal object
Agreement, offer, acceptance, and consideration
Agreement, consideration, contractual capacity, and assent
Agreement, consideration, contractual capacity, and legal object
4 points
Question 14
George offers to sell Penelope a ring that George found in his yard. He and Penelope look at the ring and decide that they are not sure what it is. Penelope pays George $10 for the ring. The ring turns out to be a diamond worth much more than $10. George wants the ring back, and Penelope refuses. What is the most likely result?
The ring will be returned to George because of mutual mistake.
The ring will be returned to George because of unilateral mistake.
The ring will be returned to George because of equity.
The ring will remain with Penelope unless George can establish that she was negligent in not recognizing the ring’s true value.
The ring will remain with Penelope because the parties contracted on the assumption that they did not know the value of the ring.
4 points
Question 15
Harry accepts Frank’s offer to sell a used car for $2,000. At what point is there a binding contract?
When the agreement is made
When the money is paid
When the car is delivered
10 days after the car is delivered and approved
20 days after the car is delivered and approved
4 points
Question 16
Which of the following are the two most important primary sources of contract law?
Case law and the restatement of law
Case law and the Uniform Commercial Code
The Uniform Commercial Code and the Convention on Contracts for International Sales of Goods
Case law and the Convention on Contracts for International Sales of Goods
The Convention on Contracts for International Sales of Goods and the Restatement of the Law Second, Contracts
4 points
Question 17
Which of the following are the two primary kinds of performance?
Partial and significant
Partial and complete
Partial and substantial
Complete and substantial
Complete and significant
4 points
Question 18
Which of the following is TRUE regarding illusory promises?
Illusory promises are not consideration.
Illusory promises are consideration.
Illusory promises qualify as consideration when past consideration is at issue.
Illusory promises qualify as consideration when promissory estoppel is at issue.
Illusory promises are consideration only when a sale of goods is involved.
4 points
Question 19
Business law teacher, Debby, needed some yard work done. She told her class that she would give $50 to the first person who mowed her yard. Max went to mow Debby’s yard. Unfortunately, just as he finished mowing, a neighborhood dog bit him, and he had to go to the emergency room for a couple of stitches. Debby refused to pay Max on the basis that the agreement was not in writing and that Max ended up being more trouble than he was worth. Max refused to pay the emergency room because he said that he did not have a binding, bilateral contract with Debby. Which of the following is an appropriate characterization of the agreement between Debby and Max?
They had a bilateral, express contract.
They had a bilateral, implied contract.
They had a bilateral and unilateral contract.
They had a unilateral contract.
They did not have any type of enforceable agreement.
4 points
Question 20
A __________ is a FALSE representation of a material fact that is consciously false and intended to mislead the other party.
negligent misrepresentation
fraudulent misrepresentation
scienter misrepresentation
negligent misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation, and scienter misrepresentation
negligent or fraudulent misrepresentation, but not a scienter misrepresentation
4 points
Question 21
The person who agrees to the terms of an offer by another party is called the __________.
offeree
offeror
agreeor
agree
inquirer
4 points
Question 22
Stewart, the owner of ABC Construction, agreed with Joan, the owner of XYZ Hotel, that he would complete renovations on her upscale hotel on the beach in Florida by October 1. The amount due to Stewart under the contract was $250,000. The contract contained a clause by which Stewart would pay Joan $50,000 for each day he was late on completing the project. Unfortunately, an unexpected earthquake shook the area, and while the earthquake did not damage the hotel itself, Stewart encountered significant difficulty in getting supplies due to the high demand for building material following the earthquake. Because he believed that traveling himself to other states to obtain supplies would be prohibitively expensive, he delayed the project for two weeks while waiting for local stores to have sufficient supplies available. Stewart finished renovations six days late. Joan told Stewart that she owed him nothing but that he owed her $50,000. Stewart told Joan that he was suing for the entire $250,000 because it was not his fault the earthquake delayed matters. Assuming the earthquake does not affect Stewart’s liability for damages, which of the following is true regarding the provision that he will pay $50,000 for each day he is late?
It will be upheld based on freedom of contract.
It will be upheld because the penalty per day is less than one half of the amount due for the job.
It will be upheld as a stipulated amount.
It will be struck because parties are prohibited as a matter of law from specifying damages.
It will be struck as a penalty.
4 points
Question 23
Beverly decides to go on a great trip to Hawaii. She needs someone, however, to take care of her two dogs, Creaky and Toady, while she is gone. Creaky has hives, and Toady passes gas frequently because of a digestive problem. Beverly hires Frank three months in advance, and they reach a contractual arrangement whereby Frank will be paid $200 for keeping the dogs for two weeks. Frank comes over two months before Beverly is set to leave, takes one look at Creaky and Toady, and declares that the dogs are too creepy to be around. Beverly then hires Alice who agrees to care of Creaky and Toady. Two weeks before Beverly is set to leave, however, Alice calls and tells her that she just broke both of her legs in an automobile accident, sustained other injuries, and has been put on bed rest for two months. Finally, Beverly hires Betty to care for the dogs and heads off to Hawaii, where she has a great time. Unfortunately, when Beverly returns home, she finds that Betty fell in love with Creaky and Toady and has absconded with them. It was a month before Beverly was able to get a court order, which required the dogs to be returned. Which of the following is true regarding Frank’s refusal to keep Creaky and Toady?
He committed an anticipatory repudiation.
He is not guilty of any breach because he gave Beverly sufficient warning that he was not willing to perform.
He is not guilty of any breach because of the frustration of purpose doctrine.
He is guilty of an immaterial breach because of the low value of the contract.
He is guilty of a nominal breach.
4 points
Question 24
For $300,000, Willis agrees to build a new home for Robert, who is very picky. Willis builds the home to Robert’s specifications with one exception. The faucets and linoleum flooring in a powder room are not exactly what Robert specified. That was a mistake on Willis’ part, but he had not intentionally failed to follow specifications. When Robert sees the powder room, he goes ballistic and tells Willis that he will not pay Willis anything for the house. It will take $300 to put in correct faucets and linoleum. Willis says that he is willing to pay $300 to put Robert in the position he would have been in had the correct faucets and linoleum been used, but that is all he is willing to pay. Which of the following is true regarding whether Willis breached the contract?
Willis did not breach the contract.
Willis materially breached the contract.
Willis substantially breached the contract.
Willis breached the contract, but the breach was not material.
Willis committed an anticipatory breach of the contract.
4 points
Question 25
In a __________ contract, the offeror wants a performance to form the contract.
trilateral
bilateral
unilateral
complete
anticipatory
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