Please read the Lecture and respond to both discussion, APA format with reference

Characteristics of Nursing Research Utilization and Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction

Research utilization and evidence-based practice (EBP) are regularly used within the nursing profession in developing positive changes for patient outcomes. Although both research methods provide results beneficial to the nursing community, each method approaches nursing research in a different manner. Research utilization focuses on implementation of the results after a study is conducted whereas EBP incorporates the research directly into the clinical decision-making process (Polit & Beck, 2006).

Characteristics of Research Utilization

In the previous lessons, the focus has been on the language and components of research. In this lesson, the focus is on how to apply research findings to improve patient outcomes. Over the past 40 years, the concept of research utilization has been described in the literature. In the nursing community, the long-held tradition has been to utilize research, through findings, to impact health changes within the profession. In order for this process to be successfully implemented into application, the research analysis would be compounded upon multiple studies within a specific nursing area. Furthermore, through the presentation of correlated findings and possibly similar results, health care professionals will have an accurate knowledge in order to influence patient and system outcomes.

Over time, issues have been raised about research utilization being affected. The key to research utilization is not only the acknowledgment and review of the findings but the implementation of those results into practice. In order for this to occur, nurses need to be active participants in evaluating current research and utilizing the results within their normal practice (Polit & Beck, 2006).

The majority of nurses in the United States are initially educated at the Associate Degree level. In these programs, the concepts of nursing research are often not discussed. Similarly, most registered nurses are not taught how to evaluate advanced nursing science, or how such advances will improve outcomes. Research utilization and evidenced-based practice principles put emphasis on these skills.

Evidence-Based Practice

Recently, a movement has been made toward evidence-based practice (EBP) research. The purpose behind this method is to implement a solution to an evidence-based problem. To accomplish this goal, registered nurses must become experts in not only reading research articles, but also in collecting relevant research findings to help them make clinical decisions. After the fundamental information is collected about a health care topic, the researcher can utilize it in creating the design and framework for the necessary research. In essence, the search for the best possible information from top-quality research, which is integrated with clinical expertise, available resources, and the needs and desires of the patient, is the basis for EBP in nursing.

The skills associated with EBP research place emphasis on diagnosis, therapy, etiology, prognosis, or prevention. EBP has been developed to provide a method for practicing nurses to understand research in a way that allows them to incorporate it into improved patient care. One skill that is helpful is the PICO method, which allows practitioners to formulate research questions. By formulating a PICO question, nurses are making the first step in preparing for their capstone project.

PICO

PICO is a mnemonic used to describe the four elements of a good clinical foreground question: (P) patient, (I) intervention, (C) comparison, and (O) outcome (see Table 5.1). The purpose of the PICO format is to assist clinicians in formulating clinical questions. This beginning process can be a challenge, but using the PICO format allows researchers to critically consider all of the components their research will address.

When developing a PICO question, researchers must take the time to carefully formulate it. They need to make it a topic about which they are passionate, and one that has a body of literature to support the intended outcome.

Conclusion

Nurses’ responsibilities lie in being observant and curious, participating in quality-management activities of their units, and supporting research activities developed by others. Using expertise and professional judgment, along with quality research evidence, is essential in developing quality care and outcomes for patients.

References

Cushing/Whitney Memorial Library. (n.d.). Evidence-based practice: Asking the clinical question. Yale University. Retrieved October 4, 2011, from http://www.med.yale.edu/library/nursing/education/…

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). Essentials of nursing research: Methods, appraisal, and utilization (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.

Discussion 1

The theoretical foundations of qualitative and quantitative methods are very different, but many researchers believe both methods should be used in the research study to increase validity and reliability. What advantages or disadvantages do you see in using both types of methods in a nursing study? Support your answer with current evidence-based literature.

Discussion 2

According to the textbook, nurses in various settings are adopting a research-based (or evidence-based) practice that incorporates research findings into their decisions and interaction with clients. How do you see this being applied in your workplace?

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In 1.5 pages, (a) explain the epiphany in “The Mill”; (b) explain the situation in “Mr. Flood’s Party,” explain the appropriateness AND the inappropriateness of Ebenezer (Links to an external site.) Flood (Links to an external site.)’s name; and explain three enigmatic (Links to an external site.) lines of your choice; and (c) offer your theory regarding Robinson’s view of life that is reflected in all three poems. NOTE: something that is both appropriate and inappropriate at the same time is “ironic.” You can read about irony in the literary terms.

2. In two pages, (a) explain how “First Fig” fits Millay’s bohemian image; (b) explain Millay’s attitude toward the restrictiveness of writing according to prescribed forms, such as the sonnet (note carefully the sonnet “I Will Put Chaos”–and note also that Millay is one of America’s great sonneteers); (c) explain 1-2 enigmatic lines from five other poems of your choosing and explain the overall message of each poem; and (d) give your theory regarding Millay’s outlook on life.

Note: It is important that you re-read each poem several times. You could read all these poems out loud five or six times in less than hour. You could also read the introductory material on these two authors in the text, and you could browse other poems from Robinson and Millay to see other poems that reflect on these.

You could also stand to do some research to help you understand parts of the poems that you don’t get. I highly recommend the American Poetry site (Links to an external site.).