For the first two questions you will use the web based program Web Popgen (https://www.radford.edu/~rsheehy/Gen_flash/popgen/)  to explore some aspects of population genetics .

(1) (15 marks)
Heterozygous advantage. Let wAA = 0.4, wAa = 0.6, waa = 0.3.
(a) Give the relative viabilities if we put wAa = 1.0 (round to two decimal places):
wAA = _ wAa = 1.0 waa = _
(b) Using these viabilities give the predicted equilibrium allele frequency p* using the appropriate equation from the equation sheet.
(c) Starting from an initial frequency p(A) = 0.1, what is the final equilibrium frequency? Also if you now start from p(A) = 0.9, what is the result?
(d) Either copy a plot from Web Popgen or draw a rough figure showing the gene frequency trajectories for both cases, i.e. starting from p = 0.1, and p = 0.9.
(e) Calculate the mean population fitness, , at the starting gene frequencies (p = 0.1 and p = 0.9 ) and at the gene frequency equilibrium (p*)you calculated in part (ii). Note: find the equation for in the notes and use that; it is not on the equation sheet. Therefore what happens to the mean population fitness, , in both cases, as the gene frequencies change from the initial frequencies of 0.1 and 0.9 (i.e. does increase, decrease, not change,etc.)?

(2) (10 marks)
In this question you will explore the balance between genetic drift and selection. In the lecture we introduced the equation s < 1/Ne, which says that if s is small relative to population size then drift will predominate.
You will model selection against a recessive allele with s = 0.01, which means setting WAA = WAa = 1, and Waa = 0.99. Use Web Popgen.
For each population size run the simulation 50 times. Each time start with a population with p = q = 0.5. You can run a maximum of 10 populations at a time. You can vary the number of generations according to population size for clarity.Record the result from each run – as either A or a fixed, and use the total over 50 runs.
Fill in the following table:
Observed number of populations with: Expected number of populations with:
N 1/N A fixed a fixed A fixed a fixed
10
50
100
150

(a) Give the expected number of populations fixed for the A and a alleles.
Use the equation s < 1/N to deduce what you would expect.

(b) How do the observed numbers differ, or not, from the expected?
What are the reasons for any differences?

(3) (10 marks)
One thousand individuals were typed for two traits determined by two different autosomal loci, each with two alleles (A and a; B and b) with the following the two-locus genotype numbers:

    BB  Bb  bb  Total

AA  36  48  16  100
Aa  72  96  32   200
aa  252     336     112      700

Total   360     480     160     1000

(i) Determine if each locus is at a single-locus Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (you do not have to do a statistical test; determine this by eye).

(ii) If not,what would the genotype frequencies be at each locus considered separately?

(iii) What are the expected frequencies of the nine different two locus genotypes?
Put these in the Table below:

f(AABB) = f(AABb) = f(AAbb) =
f(AaBB) = f(AaBb) = f(Aabb) =
f(aaBB) = f(aaBb) = f(aabb) =

Sample Solution

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Record everything you eat, drink and consume for 3 days. It is best if you document or record the foods/beverages right after you consume them, so you don’t forget.
One of the three days should include a weekend day.
Do not change your diet! The evaluation should be based on what you typically eat.
Measure everything that you eat and drink (use measuring cups)
Record any exercise you did for each of the 3 days
You will take the food/beverage record and exercise record and input the data into the Diet Analysis Program.
If certain foods/beverages are not found in the Diet Analysis program you will need to choose an alternative option that is similar
Once you input your food/beverage and exercise data, the program will analyze everything you enter.
You will need to submit TWO diet analysis reports: 1). Nutrition Facts report and 2). Actual vs. Recommend report
Write a 2-3 page (double- spaced, 3-pages preferred) critique of your results from the analysis. In this critique discuss what nutrients you were deficient or excessive in. Discuss how you can improve or change your diet to meet your needs better. Please list all references used for this critique. Please review further details for critique/essay in Part 3 below.
Completed Project Should Include THREE Parts:

Part 1: Neatly typed 3-day food and beverage record/log, you can use food log generated from the diet analysis software

Part 2: TWO reports from the diet analysis software-nutrition facts and actual vs. recommended report

Part 3: 2-3 page critique (essay) of your dietary analysis results. Critique needs to include:

Review what nutrients you are deficient or excessive in (hint: you can find this data in the actual vs. recommend intake report).
Expand on what foods you can incorporate into your diet to help improve your specific nutrient deficiencies and what foods you may need to reduce or lower your intake of certain nutrients.
Discuss if you met your needs for calcium, iron, fiber, vitamin A, and vitamin D
Review sodium, saturated fat and sugar intake (more or less than the recommendations?) How can you reduce these in your diet?
Review what your actual Kcal intake was vs. what your recommendation was
Discuss what your goal was: maintain, lose or gain
Discuss if this assignment was beneficial for you and what you have learned from it

Sample Solution

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