A water wave has a frequency of 16 Hz and wavelength of 2.0 m. (a) What is the period of these waves? (b) What is the wave velocity?

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  1. A water wave has a frequency of 16 Hz and wavelength of 2.0 m. (a) What is the period of these waves? (b) What is the wave velocity?
  2. A submarine sends a sonar signal, which returns from another ship 1.06  s later. What is the speed of sound through water if the ship is 800. m from the submarine?
  3. You see condensed steam expelled from a ship’s whistle 2.00 s before you hear the sound. What is the air temperature if you are 700. m from the ship?
  4. Sound from the siren of an emergency vehicle has a frequency of 700.0 Hz and moves with a velocity of 345.0 m/s. What is the distance from one condensation to the next?

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Based on your selected MSN program (FAMILY NURSE PRACTITIONER) , write your first section of your ROLE paper using the following criteria:

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Based on your selected MSN program (FAMILY NURSE PRACTITIONER) , write your first section of your ROLE paper using the following criteria:

For this assignment, you will research an advanced nursing practice role and summarize your findings in a 3- to 5-page paper (excluding the title page and references):

  • Focusing on the specialty for which you were admitted to South University, select an advanced nursing role to research. (It must be one offered by South University.)
  • Distinguish the role as clinical or non-clinical and how it promotes patient outcomes, ie safety, access to health care or health information relative to the ANP level
  • Apply an Advance Nursing Practice Concept to your chosen role
  •  Develop a minimum of ten questions that you would like to ask the advance practice clinician or non-clinician that you have chosen to interview.  Identify in the paper the individual by name, credentials, position and your planned date for the interview (Interview is due Week 3)
  • Support your findings with at least two research articles (study, design, sample and results must be discussed). Other peer reviewed articles that are non-research and nursing organization websites may be used. All articles must be current (not more than five years old, unless it is a hallmark reference; ieAmerican Association of College of Nursing. (2010)).
  • Format your paper, citations, and references using correct APA Style.

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Analyze the key benefits and/or consequences of practicing in a multicultural city such as Miami, FL.

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Analyze the key benefits and/or consequences of practicing in a multicultural city such as Miami, FL. Select one (1) scholarly practice-based article that addresses application of theTheory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality in advanced nursing clinical practice, and after reading the article, create a diagram to document the ways in which the article identifies all components of the theory and its application to clinical and/or advanced nursing practice.

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Research Ethics

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Chapter 12

Research Ethics

Research Ethics

Research ethics addresses the rights of people who participate in research studies and the related responsibilities of those who conduct the research

 

 

2

Examples of Events that Support Need for Ethics Guidelines

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Experimental measles vaccine

Alcohol use in Native Americans

Gelsinger case

Painted mice

Centenarian study

 

 

3

Principles of Ethical Conduct in Research

Respect of person

Treat individuals as autonomous agents

Protect individuals with limited ability to make decisions for themselves

 

 

4

Principles of Ethical Conduct in Research

Beneficence and nonmaleficence sets an obligation to do no harm and to maximize possible benefits

Justice is defined in relation to research as “fairness in distribution,” which is an opportunity to participate but to impose a burden of inequality

 

 

5

Training

In most cases, there are both local and federal requirements for training in the ethical conduct of research

 

6

Training

During basic training the following topics are covered for researchers:

Historical perspective

Principles of ethical research conduct

Compliance procedures

Informed consent procedures

 

 

7

Training

During basic training the following topics are covered for researchers:

Risks associated with participation in research

Vulnerable populations

Special situations and populations

FDA regulations

 

8

Training

During basic training the following topics are covered for researchers:

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requirements

Conflicts of interest

IRB membership

 

 

9

Responsible Conduct of Research Training

An additional level of research ethics that are required when applying for federal grant support are:

Research misconduct

Data management

Conflict of interest

 

 

 

10

Responsible Conduct of Research Training

An additional level of research ethics that are required when applying for federal grant support are:

Collaborative science

Responsible authorship

Mentoring

 

11

Responsible Conduct of Research Training

An additional level of research ethics that are required when applying for federal grant support are:

Peer review

Lab animals

Human subjects

 

 

 

12

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) Membership

Federal guidelines for memberships of IRBs include the following:

At least five members

Expertise and experience related to studies reviewed

Diverse membership

At least one scientist and one nonscientist

 

 

13

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) Membership

Federal guidelines for memberships of IRBs include the following:

At least one member that is not affiliated with the parent organization

Members with sensitivity to community attitudes

May not consist entirely of members of one profession

 

 

 

14

Application for IRB Approval

Basic information: title, funding, investigators, and training

Characteristics of proposed sample

Investigator experience, professional licenses, and any sanctions or problems related to ethical conduct of research in the past

 

15

Application for IRB Approval

Conflicts of interest

Use of investigational drugs, devices, or recombinant DNA

Environmental concerns, boating safety, use of radioactive and other hazardous materials

Research sites

 

16

Application for IRB Approval

Participant safety

Data safety monitoring board (DSMBs)

Participant privacy, confidentiality, and anonymity

Consent and recruitment procedures

Incentives

 

 

17

Basic Elements of Informed Consent

There are eight basic elements of informed consent:

Purpose of the research

Possible risks and discomforts

Possible benefits

Alternative procedures or treatment

 

 

 

18

Basic Elements of Informed Consent

There are eight basic elements of informed consent:

Procedures to maintain confidentiality

Any compensation for injury

Contact information for members of research team

 

19

Basic Elements of Informed Consent

There are eight basic elements of informed consent:

Statement saying participation is voluntary, refusal to participate will result in any penalty or loss of benefits, and that the participant may withdraw at any time without penalty or loss of benefit

 

 

20

When Consent Can Be Waived

An IRB may provide waivers of consent for certain types of research:

If secondary data can be completely deidentified

Observation of public behavior

Research on normal educational practices

Quality improvement projects

 

 

 

21

Ongoing Consent

Consenting activities are not completed when a signature on the consent form has been completed

Ensure consent process is complete

Remind participant of research context at every encounter

 

 

 

 

22

Issues Related to Ethical Research Conduct

Use of deception

Limits to confidentiality

Translating and understanding consents

Balancing protection and participation

 

 

 

 

23

Issues Related to Ethical Research Conduct

Vulnerable populations

Pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates

Children

Prisoners

Illness and crisis effects

Victims of intimate partner violence

Cognitively impaired

 

 

 

24

Issues Related to Ethical Research Conduct

Certificates of confidentiality may be issued by the National Institute of Health to protect the data from forced disclosures

 

 

 

 

25

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs)

Members include at least one veterinarian

Review studies involving animals

Adhere to federal guidelines for animal research

 

 

 

 

 

26

The Three Rs

Replacement is using animal tissue rather than live animal where possible

Reduction is using the least number of animals necessary

Refinement is decreasing any pain and distress as much as possible

 

 

 

 

 

27

Application for Approval for IACUCs

An application for approval of a study using an animal includes:

Investigator qualifications

Procedures that will involve the animals

How pain and discomfort will be minimized

Assurance that the study does not duplicate previous studies, unless necessary

 

 

 

 

28

Application for Approval for IACUCs

An application for approval of a study using an animal includes:

Animal living conditions and veterinary care

Surgical procedures: justification and infection control

Euthanasia procedures

 

 

 

 

29

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