WEEK 3 Discussion SCI 115

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In this weeks discussion, you will be exploring energy and how its captured, released, and used by all living creatures.

Watch the Phytoplankton that Brought Earth to Life video. In this video, Penny Chisholm discusses tiny phytoplankton called prochlorococcus.

In the video, Dr. Chisholm tells us that prochlorococcus samples from different environments are genetically different. Discuss what this tells us about the relationship between organisms and their environments.
What do you think is the most interesting or significant aspect of prochlorococcus?

video

https://www.pbs.org/video/the-phytoplankton-that-brought-earth-to-life-1401230272/

Research Theory, Design, and Methods Walden University

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Research Theory, Design, and Methods Walden University

© 2016 Laureate Education, Inc. Page 1 of 2

Threats to Internal Validity

(Shadish, Cook, & Campbell, 2002)

1. Ambiguous temporal precedence. Based on the design, unable to determine with certainty which variable occurred first or which variable caused the other. Thus, unable to conclude with certainty cause-effect relationship. Correlation of two variables does not prove causation.

2. Selection. The procedures for selecting participants (e.g., self-selection or researcher sampling and assignment procedures) result in systematic differences across conditions (e.g., experimental-control). Thus, unable to conclude with certainty that the “intervention” caused the effect; could be due to way in which participants are selected.

3. History. Other events occur during the course of treatment that can interfere with treatment effects and could account for outcomes. Thus, unable to conclude with certainty that the “intervention” caused the effect; could be due to some other event to which the participants were exposed.

4. Maturation. Natural changes that participants experience (e.g., grow older, get tired) during the course of the intervention could account for the outcomes. Thus, unable to conclude with certainty that the “intervention” caused the effect; could be due to the natural change/maturation of the participants.

5. Regression artifacts. Participants who are at extreme ends of the measure (score higher or lower than average) are likely to “regress” toward the mean (scores get lower or higher, respectively) on other measures or retest on same measure. Thus, regression can be confused with treatment effect.

6. Attrition (mortality). Refers to dropout or failure to complete the treatment/study activities. If differential dropout across groups (e.g., experimental-control) occurs, could confound the results. Thus, effects may be due to dropout rather than treatment.

7. Testing. Experience with test/measure influences scores on retest. For example, familiarity with testing procedures, practice effects, or reactivity can influence subsequent performance on the same test.

8. Instrumentation. The measure changes over time (e.g., from pretest to posttest), thus making it difficult to determine if effects or outcomes are due to instrument vs. treatment. For example, observers change definitions of behaviors they are tracking, or the researcher alters administration of test items from pretest to posttest.

9. Additive and interactive effects of threats to validity. Single threats interact, such that the occurrence of multiple threats has an additive effect. For example, selection can interact with history, maturation, or instrumentation.

 

 

 

Research Theory, Design, and Methods Walden University

© 2016 Laureate Education, Inc. Page 2 of 2

Reference Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-

experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston, MA:

Houghton-Mifflin.

 

 

  • Threats to Internal Validity
    • Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin.

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The second Draft

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Students should be able to develop further on their script 2nd draft the dramatic units (problem, conflict, adapting to new circumstances, resolution, etc.) as well to have refined further each character developmental arc.

The second draft is all about fixing story problems like:

* Story structure: Dramatic Acts and plot points.

* Logic problems: Events happen or characters actions devoid of logic or dont make emotional sense.

* Lack of focus: Loose plotline, subplots, character functions, themes and transformation arcs.

* Emotion: A script reader wants to feel something. Is the emotional experience of the storyline working? What are the points of emotional resonance in the script?

Here is the first draft of the script down below.
How will you change it? How would you make it more intense between the two characters.
I want it to be more dramatic and sexual between the two. Develop a serious relationship with the two characters.

Legal Studies

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Answer the following questions. Your answers should summarize the topics covered by the questions. (I do not need the question rewritten on my requested essay paper. Just the number and answer)

1.What is the purpose of the Sexual Offender Registry Board?
Explain the levels of classification?

2.Explain the termination of parental rights proceedings. What must the Court find in order to terminate parental rights?

3. What is a 209A Order? What must the Court find in deciding whether to issue a 209A Order?

4.What are the protections afforded by Chap. 151B? What is a hostile work environment?

5.Explain the duty of care in a civil lawsuit. What factors are considered in awarding damages in a personal injury civil case?

6. What is a preliminary injunction? What must a judge consider in deciding whether to issue a preliminary injunction?