PICOT is utilized by the health care community to identify and study a nursing or medical practice problem.

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PICOT is utilized by the health care community to identify and study a nursing or medical practice problem. Consequently, PICOT examples that may provide insight into the use of the PICOT process, may not be relevant to nursing practice as they are based on a medical practice problem.

Describe the difference between a nursing practice problem and a medical practice problem. Provide one example of each. Discuss why is it important to ensure your PICOT is based on a nursing practice problem.

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How can a crisis situation make collaboration and trust stronger in a group?

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How can a crisis situation make collaboration and trust stronger in a group? Why does this happen? How can staff development improve rapport among colleagues and build trust across departments?

 

It needs to be at least 500 words and  with 2- 3 references, apa format

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“The study shows that the actions of leaders in the areas of image management and relationship development impact employees’ perceptions of trustworthiness”

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APA Self-Assessment Test

1. Which of the following are correct formats for an APA paper:

a. Single-spaced paper, 10-pt. font, with 1.0” margins

b. Double-spaced paper, 12-pt. font, centered text

c. 1.0” margins, double-spaced paper, Calibri font

d. Times New Roman font, double-spaced paper, 12-pt. font

 

2. Which of the following is a correct in-text citation, assuming it is the first time an author is cited in the paragraph:

a. The traits studied included physical stature, appearance, social class, emotional stability, fluency of speech, and sociability (Northouse, 2004).

b. The traits studied included physical stature, appearance, social class, emotional stability, fluency of speech, and sociability (2004).

c. The traits studied included physical stature, appearance, social class, emotional stability, fluency of speech, and sociability (Northouse).

d. The traits studied included physical stature, appearance, social class, emotional stability, fluency of speech, and sociability (Northouse, P. G., 2004).

 

3. Which of the following is most correct for a direct quote:

a. Integrity is the quality of honesty and trustworthiness (Northouse, 2005).

b. “Integrity is the quality of honesty and trustworthiness” (Northouse, 2005, p. 21).

c. “Integrity is the quality of honesty and trustworthiness” (Northouse, 2005).

d. Integrity is the quality of honesty and trustworthiness (Northouse, 2005, p. 21).

 

4. The correct way to present the information for a book title is:

a. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2010). Essentials of organizational behavior (10th ed.). Danvers, MA: Prentice Hall.

b. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2010). Essentials of Organizational Behavior (10th ed.). Danvers, MA: Prentice Hall.

c. Robbins, S. P., et al. (2010). Essentials of Organizational Behavior (10th edition). Danvers, MA: Prentice Hall.

d. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2010). Essentials of Organizational Behavior (10th edition). Danvers, MA: Prentice Hall.

 

5. A hanging format on the reference page means:

a. The first line of a reference is indented 0.5”, and all remaining lines of the same reference are at the left margin.

b. All of lines in a reference are at the left margin.

c. The first line of a reference is at the left margin, and all remaining lines of the same reference are indented 0.5” to the right.

d. As long as all the information is there, it does not matter how it is typed on the reference page.

 

6. There is a great article in the 86th volume of the Journal of Counseling and Development by Glenn W. Lambie, Shari M. Sias, Keith M. Davis, Gerald Lawson, and Patrick Akos. It is called A Scholarly Writing Resource for Counselor Educators and Their Students. It is a fairly new article that came out in the Winter, 2008 issue (their first issue that year). It is on pages 18-25 if you want to read it. The article should be presented on the reference page as:

a. Lambie, G. et al. (2008). A Scholarly Writing Resource for Counselor Educators and Their Students. Journal of Counseling and Development, 86(1), 18-25.

b. Lambie, Glenn W., Sias, Shari M., Davis, Keith, Lawson, Gerald, & Akos, Patrick (2008). A Scholarly Writing Resource for Counselor Educators and Their Students. Journal of Counseling and Development, 86(1), 18-25.

c. Lambie, G., Sias, S. M., Davis, K. M., Lawson, G., & Akos, P. (2008). A Scholarly Writing Resource for Counselor Educators and Their Students. Journal of Counseling and Development, 86(1), 18-25.

d. Lambie, G. W., Sias, S. M., Davis, K. M., Lawson, G., & Akos, P. (2008). A scholarly writing resource for counselor educators and their students. Journal of Counseling and Development, 86(1), 18-25.

 

7. Caldwell and Hayes published an excellent paper in the 2007 issue of the Journal of Management Development. Which one of the following represents the correct in-text citation to give credit to these authors for a summary of what they said?

a. Great leaders achieve their success because they understand who they are.

b. Great leaders achieve their success because they understand who they are (Journal of Management Development, 2007).

c. Great leaders achieve their success because they understand who they are (2007).

d. Great leaders achieve their success because they understand who they are (Caldwell & Hayes, 2007).

 

8. Caldwell and Hayes published an excellent paper in the 2007 issue of the Journal of Management Development. On page 275, they had this great quote below. Which of the following best represents how the direct quote should be cited in-text, assuming this is the first time this work appeared in the paragraph:

a. “The study shows that the actions of leaders in the areas of image management and relationship development impact employees’ perceptions of trustworthiness” (page 275).

b. “The study shows that the actions of leaders in the areas of image management and relationship development impact employees’ perceptions of trustworthiness” (Caldwell & Hayes, 2007, p. 275).

c. “The study shows that the actions of leaders in the areas of image management and relationship development impact employees’ perceptions of trustworthiness” (2007).

d. Caldwell and Hayes said that the study shows that the actions of leaders in the areas of image management and relationship development impact employees’ perceptions of trustworthiness.

 

9. On page 263 of Caldwell and Hayes’ paper published in 2007, they talked about some ideas they took from Likert’s work. This is the original excerpt from their paper: “Relationship development behaviors encompass a people-centered focus on leadership” (Likert, 1961). Which of the below best represents how this sentence should be quoted in a student’s paper?

a. “Relationship development behaviors encompass a people-centered focus on leadership (Likert, 1961)”.

b. “Relationship development behaviors encompass a people-centered focus on leadership” (Caldwell & Hayes, 2007).

c. “Relationship development behaviors encompass a people-centered focus on leadership” (Likert, 1961, p. 263).

d. “Relationship development behaviors encompass a people-centered focus on leadership” (Likert as cited in Caldwell & Hayes, 2007, p. 263).

 

10. When I create my reference list:

a. I should include anything I read, even if I did not cite it in the paper, to be sure I listed enough references.

b. I should include anything cited in the materials I read on my reference list also.

c. I should include only those materials cited in my paper, and double check that any ideas that I took from reading other people’s work was cited.

d. I should include some good articles that are related to my paper, that the reader should read if they have time. My instructor will like that.

 

11. If I have two articles written by Jeff Smith in 2004 cited in my paper and on my reference list:

a. I do not have to do anything else.

b. Both in-text and on the reference list, I should put letters after the year to tell them apart, determined alphabetically by title (ex: Smith, 2004a and Smith, 2004b).

c. I should use the titles in the in-text citation to differentiate between the two.

d. I could use the first name spelled out on one of them so the reader can see the difference.

 

12. When a reference material has three or more authors, for example, Smith, Jones, and Johnson wrote an article together in 2008:

a. I always list all of the authors in-text (Smith, Jones, & Johnson, 2008).

b. I can use (Smith et al., 2008) all the time in the paper and on the reference list.

c. I can use (Smith et al., 2008) all the time in the paper, but need to list all of the authors on the reference list Smith, Jones, & Johnson, 2008).

d. I need to list all the authors on the reference list (Smith, A., Jones, F., & Johnson, J., 2008…), and the first time cited in the paper. Then after that, I can use (Smith et al., 2008) in the rest of the paper.

4

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Respiratory Alterations

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Respiratory Alterations

In clinical settings, patients often present with various respiratory symptoms such as congestion, coughing, and wheezing. While identifying a symptom’s underlying illness can be challenging, it is essential because even basic symptoms such as persistent coughing can be a sign of a more severe disorder. Advanced practice nurses must be able to differentiate between moderate and severe respiratory disorders, as well as properly diagnose and prescribe treatment for their patients. For this reason, you must have an understanding of the pathophysiology of respiratory disorders.

Consider the following three scenarios:

Scenario 1:

Ms. Teel brings in her 7-month-old infant for evaluation. She is afraid that the baby might have respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) because she seems to be coughing a lot, and Ms. Teel heard that RSV is a common condition for infants. A detailed patient history reveals that the infant has been coughing consistently for several months. It’s never seemed all that bad. Ms. Teel thought it was just a normal thing, but then she read about RSV. Closer evaluation indicates that the infant coughs mostly at night; and, in fact, most nights the baby coughs to some extent. Additionally, Ms. Teel confirms that the infant seems to cough more when she cries. Physical examination reveals an apparently healthy age- and weight-appropriate, 7-month-old infant with breath sounds that are clear to auscultation. The infant’s medical history is significant only for eczema that was actually quite bad a few months back. Otherwise, the only remarkable history is an allergic reaction to amoxicillin that she experienced 3 months ago when she had an ear infection.

Scenario 2:

Kevin is a 6-year-old boy who is brought in for evaluation by his parents. The parents are concerned that he has a really deep cough that he just can’t seem to get over. The history reveals that he was in his usual state of good health until approximately 1 week ago when he developed a profound cough. His parents say that it is deep and sounds like he is barking. He coughs so hard that sometimes he actually vomits. The cough is productive for mucus, but there is no blood in it. Kevin has had a low-grade temperature but nothing really high. His parents do not have a thermometer and don’t know for sure how high it got. His past medical history is negative. He has never had childhood asthma or RSV. His mother says that they moved around a lot in his first 2 years and she is not sure that his immunizations are up to date. She does not have a current vaccination record.

Scenario 3:

Maria is a 36-year-old who presents for evaluation of a cough. She is normally a healthy young lady with no significant medical history. She takes no medications and does not smoke. She reports that she was in her usual state of good health until approximately 3 weeks ago when she developed a “really bad cold.” The cold is characterized by a profound, deep, mucus-producing cough. She denies any rhinorrhea or rhinitis—the primary problem is the cough. She develops these coughing fits that are prolonged, very deep, and productive of a lot of green sputum. She hasn’t had any fever but does have a scratchy throat. Maria has tried over-the-counter cough medicines but has not had much relief. The cough keeps her awake at night and sometimes gets so bad that she gags and dry heaves.

To Prepare

– Review the three scenarios, as well as Chapter 27 and Chapter 28 in the Huether and McCance text.

– Select one of the scenarios and consider the respiratory disorder and underlying alteration associated with the type of cough described.

– Identify the pathophysiology of the alteration that you associated with the cough.

– Select two of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you selected might impact the disorder.

Post a description of the disorder and underlying respiratory alteration associated with the type of cough in your selected scenario. Then, explain the pathophysiology of the respiratory alteration. Finally, explain how the factors you selected might impact the disorder.

LEARNING RESOURCES

 

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

  • Chapter 26, “Structure and      Function of the Pulmonary System”

This chapter provides information relating to the structure and function of the pulmonary system to illustrate normal pulmonary function. It focuses on gas transport to build the foundation for examining alterations of pulmonary function.

  • Chapter 27, “Alterations of      Pulmonary Function”

This chapter examines clinical manifestations of pulmonary alterations and disorders of the chest wall and pleura. It covers the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of obstructive lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.

  • Chapter 28, “Alterations of      Pulmonary Function in Children”

This chapter focuses on alterations of pulmonary function that affect children. These alterations include disorders of the upper and lower airways.

Hammer, G. G. , & McPhee, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. (7th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

  • Chapter 9, “Pulmonary      Disease”

This chapter begins with an overview of normal structure and function of the lungs to provide a foundation for examining various lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

** American Lung Association. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.lung.org/ 

** Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.aafa.org 

** Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.cff.org/ 

Instructor Requirements

As advanced practice nurses, we are scholars, nurse researchers and scientists. As such, please use Peer-Reviewed scholarly articles and websites designed for health professionals (not designed for patients) for your references. Students should be using the original citation in Up

to Date and go to that literature as a reference. The following are examples (not all inclusive) of resources/websites deemed inadmissible for scholarly reference:

1. Up to Date (must use original articles from Up to Date as a resource)

2. Wikipedia

3. Cdc.gov- non healthcare professionals section

4. Webmd.com

5. Mayoclinic.com

– This work should have  Introduction and  Conclusion

– It should have at least 3 current references

– APA format

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