An exploration of Leadership

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Read the case –  An Exploration in Leadership An Exploration in Leadership – Alternative Formats

. Then answer the questions below:
How is this an example of transformational leadership?
Where are Dr. Cooks strengths on the Full Range of Leadership model (see Figure 8.2 in your textbook)?
What is the vision Dr. Cook has for the archeology excavations?

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Submit your response as a word document, formatted APA style.
This document should contain two to three well-written paragraphs.
Cite your sources where applicable. APA style.

Statistics ;Evidence for Nursing Practice

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Please answer the following questions using the space provided:

  1. Define the Mean, Median, and Mode and give an example for each. (15 points)
  2. Which statistical test would you use to compare the mean differences between two groups and why? (10 points)
  3. What does “statistically significant ” indicate? (10 points)
  4. How would you describe categorical data and what is the difference between it and continuous data? (10 points)
  5. What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable? (10 points)
  6. Review the DeGrazia et al., (2015) article (posted on Canvas), to answer the following questions:

a. The authors set the alpha or significance (p-value) level at .05 or less in this study (see method section for this information) Please list the variable(s) that reached significance in Table 1 and the corresponding p value (10 points)

b. Please list the variable(s) that reached significance in Table 2 and the corresponding p value(s) for each variable that reached significance. (10 points)

c. Please list the variable(s) that reached significance in Table 3 and the corresponding p value(s) for each variable that reached significance. (10 points)

  1. Review the Zellner et. al (2007) article (posted on Canvas) to answer the following questions:
    a) Which descriptive statistical analysis is most commonly used in nursing studies? (5 points)

b) Which parametric inferential statistical analysis is most commonly used in nursing studies? (5 points)

c) Which nonparametric inferential statistical analysis is most commonly used in nursing studies? (5 points)

Sample Solution

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The Movie;Vernon and Ryan 1950 blackface sketch.

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  1. Watch the Vernon and Ryan 1950 blackface sketch. Describe the elements of blackface makeup that are present there. What features are highlighted and/or exaggerated? What do the costume pieces add to it? How about gesture?
  2. Watch the clip from A Plantation Act. What minstrel character does this seem to align with? Why so? How does a piece like this function as a racial project? What kind of structures does it create or support? How so?
  3. Look at the advertisement featuring Billy Van in and out of blackface (this in in the lecture slides). In a couple of sentences each, discuss how whiteness and blackness are depicted in the ad. How do these representations relate to one another?
  4. Do you agree with Garofalo’s claim that “Old Folks at Home” tempers the exaggerated dialect found in other minstrel songs and paints a more humane portrait of the singer (Garofalo 20)?
  5. Given the history of “Old Folks at Home” and “Dixie,” should songs such as these continue to circulate? If so, what might be done to address their problematic history? How would you feel performing one?
  6. Listen to “After the Ball” paying attention to how the story unfolds and the way the verses and chorus work together. Describe the central image–”after the ball”–and its meaning as it evolves over the course of the song. How does the chorus take on new meaning or relationship to the verses as the song progresses?
  7. Given what you’ve learned about the evolution of the popular song, what might you propose as reasons for the consolidation of the Tin Pan Alley Golden Era (AABA chorus) form? What might have been the appeal of this form? What did it capitalize on or support? As in past assignments, make educated guesses here and see what you can offer in terms of the song examples or your own experience of the form as evidence.
  8. Listen to “Maple Leaf Rag” and “Alexander’s Ragtime Band.” What do you hear as similar or different? If you were making a case for how ragtime was appropriated by Berlin in “Alexander’s Ragtime Band,” what evidence would you turn to? Do Smith’s lyrical changes (as Garofalo points to) alter this dynamic or not?
  9. What continuities and ruptures do you see between minstrelsy and incorporation of black music into Tin Pan Alley songs? Give two examples.
  10. What might be new forms of minstrelsy or cultural appropriation in popular music today?

Sample Solution

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The actual value of the relevant t-statistic.

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QUESTION 1
Observation Hourly Earnings Years of Education
1 30 20
2 20 16
3 22 12
Consider the following sample:
(a) What is the sample size?
(b) Calculate the sample average hourly earnings.
(c) Calculate the sample median hourly earnings.
(d) Calculate the sample variance of hourly earnings. What is its unit of measurement?
(e) Calculate the sample standard deviation of hourly earnings. What is its unit of measurement?
(f) Calculate the sample covariance between hourly earnings and years of education. What is its unit of measurement?
(g) Calculate the sample correlation between hourly earnings and years of education.
Arial 3 (12pt)
20 points Save Answer
Path: p Words:0
QUESTION 2
Consider the following regression:
X has a sample average of 15 and a sample standard deviation of 2. Y has a sample average of 25 and a sample standard deviation of 5. The
sample correlation between X and Y is 0.30.
(a) Calculate the OLS estimate of .
(b) Calculate the OLS estimate of .
(c) Assume the standard error of is 6 and the standard error of is 0.3.
(i) You want to test vs. . Calculate the relevant t-statistic. Will you reject the null hypothesis at 1%
signi”cance level?
(ii) Calculate the lower limit and the upper limit of the 95% con”dence interval for .
Arial 3 (12pt)
10 points Save Answer
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QUESTION 3
The following regression is estimated for a sample of 150 countries:

where ChildMort is the number of deaths of children under 5 per 1,000 live births and GDPpC is GDP per capita. Let’s denote the true value of
the coe#cient on GDPpC by . We want to test vs. .
(a) Calculate the actual value of the relevant t-statistic.
(b) What is the relevant critical value for the test statistic (use the large-sample normal approximation) at 5% signi”cance level?
(c) Would you reject H0 in favor of H1 at 5% signi”cance level?
Arial 3 (12pt)
10 points Save Answer
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QUESTION 4
You decide to estimate the following three regressions using the same sample of data (assume that sample size is 10,000):
wagei = b0 + b1 femalei + ui (1)
wagei = c0 + c2 malei + vi (2)
wagei = d1 femalei + d2 malei + ei (3)
where wage refers to average hourly earnings, u, v, and e are the regressions’ error terms, and
femalei = 1 if observation i refers to a female, and = 0 if observation i refers to a male
malei = 1 if observation i refers to a male, and = 0 if observation i refers to a female
(a) How much is the expected wage of a female according to each regression?
(b) How much is the expected wage of a male according to each regression?
(c) Interpret the vertical intercept and the slope in regression (1).
(d) Interpret the vertical intercept and the slope in regression (2).
(e) Interpret the coe#cients d1 and d2 in regression (3).
Arial 3 (12pt)
20 points Save Answer
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QUESTION 5
You estimate the linear regression:
and “nd that the standard error of the regression, SER, equals 0.7. The total sum of squares, TSS, equals 200.
(a) Calculate the residual sum of squares (RSS), also referred to as the sum of squared residuals (SSR).
(b) Calculate R2.
Arial 3 (12pt)
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QUESTION 6
Consider the following regression output, where ahe refers to average hourly earnings and yrseduc refers to years of education.
(a) What fraction of the sample variance of ahe is explained by yrseduc?
(b) How much is the standard error of the regression (SER)?
(c) What is the sample size? [Hint: Check the degrees of freedom of the SER and note that we have lost 2 degrees of freedom when
estimating the two coe#cients of the regression.]
(d) What is the OLS estimate of the slope?
(e) What is the standard error of the OLS estimator of the slope?
(f) What is the t-statistic corresponding to the two-sided test with null hypothesis that the slope equals 0.
(g) Will you reject the null hypothesis that the slope equals 0 in favor of the two-sided alternative at 5% signi”cance level?
(h) Find the lower and the upper limit of the 95% con”dence interval for the slope of the regression (use the normal approximation,
which is justi”ed since the sample size is large enough).
(i) Calculate the predicted wage (i.e., average hourly earnings) of a person with 16 years of education.
(j) What would be the predicted increase in the wage of a high-school graduate if he/she obtains a college degree? In answering this
question assume that college takes 4 years.
(k) Give an example of a variable that can directly increase a person’s wage and can be positive correlated with years of education.
(l) In view of (k), do you expect the OLS estimator of the slope to be unbiased? In particular, do you think that the expected value of the
OLS estimator of the slope is greater, smaller, or equal to the true slope?

Sample Solution

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