presentation on science and politics

TO DO:

Choose a quote from the list below

Explore the science behind it

Create a presentation on whether or not the politicians’ statement is backed by scientific fact

Share that presentation in the discussion

COMMENT ON AT LEAST ONE PERSON’S PRESENTATION

Politicians have many stances when it comes to scientific information, however, science is not a belief or
a feeling, it is evidence based. Many politicians often express their beliefs or thoughts on science in the
public arena as whole truths, when many times these statements are anything but. Your project will be
to take one of these actual quotes of politicians (politician’s names have been removed) and determine
whether their statements are based in science or belief.

1. “If it’s a legitimate rape, the female body has ways to try to shut that whole thing
down.”

2. “Wind is a finite resource and harnessing it would slow the winds down which
would cause the temperature to go up.”

3. “All that stuff I was taught about evolution and embryology and the Big Bang
Theory, all that is lies straight from the pit of Hell. And it’s lies to try to keep me
and all the folks who were taught that from understanding that they need a
savior.”

4. “Also, you claim that is environmentally friendly to ride a bike. But if I am not
mistaken a cyclists [sic] has an increased heart rate and respiration. That means
the act of riding a bike results in greater emissions of carbon dioxide from the
rider. Since CO2 is deemed a greenhouse gas and a pollutant, bicyclists are
actually polluting when they ride.”

5. “There’s a woman who came up crying to me tonight after the debate. She said
her daughter was given that vaccine. She told me her daughter suffered mental
retardation as a result of that vaccine. There are very dangerous consequences.”

6. “American scientific companies are cross-breeding humans and animals and
coming up with mice with fully functioning human brains. So they’re already into
this experiment.”

7. “Nuclear fission technology is unsafe, expensive, and dirty from the mining of
uranium to the disposal of spent fuel. As such we will end subsidies to the nuclear
industry immediately and phase out nuclear power over a 10 year timeline.
Existing nuclear waste will be handled with onsite dry cask storage of high-level
waste into perpetuity. No transport of nuclear waste.”

8. “I thought I would share with you what science says today about silicone breast
implants. If you have them, you’re healthier than if you don’t. That is what the
ultimate science shows. … In fact, there’s no science that shows that silicone
breast implants are detrimental and, in fact, they make you healthier.”

9. “You know what, evolution is a myth …Why aren’t monkeys still evolving into
humans?”

10. “Carbon dioxide is not a harmful gas; it is a harmless gas … And yet we’re being
told that we have to reduce this natural substance and reduce the American
standard of living to create an arbitrary reduction in something that is naturally
occurring in the Earth. “

11. “Every single year that we’re on Earth, you have huge tons of silt deposited by the Mississippi River, by the Amazon River, by the Nile, by every major river system — and for that matter, creek, all the way down to the smallest systems… And every time you have that soil or rock whatever it is that is deposited into the seas, that forces the sea levels to rise. Because now you’ve got less space in those oceans because the bottom is moving up”

12. “Condoms are “very poor” protection against sexually transmitted diseases”

13. “By settling the moon, we can build mining and transport on the surface of the moon in its shallow gravity well and the lack of an atmosphere works in our favor. Materials can be launched from the surface of the moon with nothing more than a solar driven catapult. Raw ore and manufactured good can be launched off the surface with ease. There is never a cloudy day on the moon and solar panels work very well in a vacuum. The shallow gravity well and lack of atmosphere means that we can launch from the moon with a mass driver, an electric catapult. Fine tuning and meteor deflection can be done from the surface of the moon.”

 

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I/O psychology :Motivation and job attitudes

PSY 331 Assignment 4: Motivation and Job Attitudes

NEED DONE BY 12/15 Thursday. MUST GET A +. Please only contact if you have knowlege and background in I/O psychology !!!!

 

 

Directions :

Part I. You have been hired by a hair salon to improve the performance of their hair stylists. The owner of the hair salon complains that the employees are not motivated to perform well. The owner cites the fact that the hair stylists complain about the amount of work the stylists do (inputs) and the amount of pay they receive (outputs). You speak to the hair stylists and ask them who they compare themselves to when they make this evaluation. The hair stylists compare themselves to the owner of the hair salon who is not a hair stylists but manages the overall business.

Using equity theory, (1) explain why the hair stylists are dissatisfied and (2) explain why the comparison other that the hair stylists are using may not be the best person for the hair stylists to compare themselves to. (10 points)

Part II. You suggest using goal setting theory to the owner of the barber shop. Using the acronym (SMART) discussed in class, explain effective goal setting. Do you think it is important for the hair stylists to accept the goals given to them by the owner? Why or why not? (5 points) 

 Part III. The owner of the hair salon mentions that the salon has lost many good hair stylists over the past year because the stylists are dissatisfied with the level of pay, lack of managerial support, and work schedules. Using the model of turnover discussed in class explain why this might be happening. Use at least one theory of job attitudes (i.e. organizational commitment, perceived organizational support, job satisfaction) to explain why these stylists are leaving (10 points)

Total points: 25

 

 

 

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easy question on sex and gender

Issues of Sex and Gender in Society Today

The topic will be Roe v. Wade

Identify an issue that is facing our society today that is in some way related to sex and/or gender and has opposing sides. Consider a law that was recently put into or taken out of effect or is being debated. You could also look to the statements or actions of a public figure or organization that has generated significant attention from the media. The issue you select should have ample material from which you may pull to gain insight into the details surrounding it. Feel free to email your instructor if you would like to verify that an issue is appropriate or if you would like some suggestions as to what you could cover.

Explore multiple sides of the issue you have selected until you have a good understanding as to why each side believes it is right. Research the historical events that have caused the circumstances of this issue. Engage in discussions with others who have strong feelings about the issue to learn the reasons why they feel they way they do.

Make sure you research both sides thoroughly as your goal with this paper will be to write it in a manner that does not allow the reader to know which side of the issue that you are on. You will not be condoning or condemning either side- your goal is to be as objective as possible in reviewing the issue you select.

Construct a 1,000-1,250 word essay that demonstrates your understanding of the following:

  • The issue that you have identified (a concise synopsis of what the issue is)
  • Historical context (previous events in history that have contributed to the rise of the issue)
  • Both sides of the current argument (provide an objective review- the reader should not know which side of the issue that you personally are on)
  • At least two possible resolutions to the issue (include the potential ramifications of each resolution for both sides)

Your paper should include an introduction and conclusion, at least 5 cited references (only 2 of which may be your discussions with others, excluding those identified as subject matter experts in your writing), and must adhere to APA formatting.

 

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Lab 1 Assignment Folder Assignment

Learning Objectives

  • Measure pH in acidic, basic and neutral solutions and collect data
  • Examine factors that impact the pH of a solution
  • Demonstrate how to adjust the pH of a solution
  • Demonstrate how to maintain the pH of a solution using a buffer solution
  • Discuss differences in the pH of different household solutions

The Importance of pH

You might not expect it but your life depends on the hydrogen content of every solution in your life whether it is your own blood or drinks such as lemonade or coffee. Another way to say this is: The hydrogen ion H+ concentration of a solution (or its pH) determines the suitability of that solution for various tasks. For example, household ammonia has a very high pH while vinegar has a low pH. Ammonia solutions are regarded as bases while vinegar is considered an acid.

Acids and Bases

Acids donate hydrogen ions, H+, during chemical reactions. We can represent an acid as a hydrogen containing compound, HA. In solution these compounds tend to dissociate into ions, HA → H+ + A−. The A− ion is known as the conjugate base of the acid. The dissociation of hydrochloric acid, HCl → H+ + Cl−, is a common example.

Bases accept hydrogen ions, H+, during chemical reactions. If we represent a base as B, then during a chemical reaction this compound tends to accept a hydrogen ion, H+ + B → HB+. The HB+ ion is known as the conjugate acid of the base. The reaction of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen ion, H+ + NH3 → NH4+, is an example of this behavior.

Self-ionization of Water

Interestingly, water can dissociate into ions. In pure water this reaction produces equal quantities of hydrogen ions, H+, and hydroxide ions, OH−.

H2O ⇄ H+ + OH−

The right and left arrows indicate the reaction can proceed in either direction. However, the reaction indicated by the left directed arrow is strongly favored and therefore only small quantities of hydrogen and hydroxide ions are found in water.

The pH Scale

Concentration is a measure of the amount of a substance contained per unit volume. One commonly used unit for the amount of substance is the mole (mol). When used along with a metric unit for volume, concentration may be expressed in mole per liter (mol/L).

The range of observed hydrogen ion concentrations in solutions is enormous. A typical battery may have a 1 mol/L concentration while the concentration in an oven-cleaning compound might be as low as 10−14 mol/L. Due to this large range of values, it is convenient to express hydrogen ion concentrations on a scale based on powers of ten, the pH scale.1

On the pH scale, every unit increase in pH is directly related to a factor of 10 decrease in hydrogen ion concentration. The approximate hydrogen ion concentration and pH for various solutions is shown in the table below (where [H+] is the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L).

Solutionbattery acidvinegartomato juicemilkpure watersea waterantacidsoapy waterdrain cleaner[H+]10010010−210−210−410−410−610−610−710−710−810−810−1010−1010−1210−1210−1410−14pH024678101214

Using the pH scale, a solution can be categorized as follows below.

  • pH < 7.00 ⇒ The solution is acidic
  • pH = 7.00 ⇒ The solution is neutral
  • pH > 7.00 ⇒ The solution is basic

Measuring pH in Solutions

pHWand

There are many ways to measure pH or the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. You might have heard of pH paper, Litmus paper or pH meters. In this set of experiments, you will measure the pH of various household solutions, biological fluids, and a buffer solution. An example of a measurement made using a portable pH meter is shown on the right.

Buffer Solutions and pH

In this laboratory activity, you will get the opportunity to explore how to maintain pH within a specific range. It can be a matter of life and death to maintain biological fluids within a limited pH range. For example, if the pH of your blood was to deviate far outside of normal range (average pH of 7.3), cell structure and function would be disrupted to a life-threatening degree. Fortunately, in humans and other animals, there is a naturally occurring buffer called bicarbonate. In fact, you might have purchased a form of this buffer if you have ever bought an antacid at a pharmacy or grocery store. Can you already guess the action of this buffer?

A buffer solution can be made by adding a weak acid (an acid that contributes only a small percentage of its available hydrogen ions to the solution) and its conjugate base to water. Two examples of weak acids and their conjugate bases, and the associated buffer systems, are given in the table below. We can use a convenient shorthand notation to represent our weak acid + conjugate base buffer solution: HA = weak acid, and A− = conjugate base.

Weak Acid
HAConjugate Base
A−Buffer Solution
HA + A−acetic acid
HC2H3O2acetate ion
C2H3O2−acetic acid + acetate ion
HC2H3O2 + C2H3O2−carbonic acid
H2CO3bicarbonate ion
HCO3−carbonic acid + bicarbonate ion
H2CO3 + HCO3−

The concentrations of weak acid and its conjugate base don’t have to be the same in a buffer solution. In fact, by choosing different relative concentrations, buffers with different pHs can be constructed from the same weak acid conjugate base pair.

How does a buffer solution help maintain pH? Consider the situation shown in the figure below. On the far left we have a buffer solution that consists of a weak acid (HA) and its conjugate base (A−). This solution will have a specific pH value that depends on the particular acid-base pair used for the buffer and their relative concentrations.

A set of three diagrams. The first shows a buffer solution with equal amounts of weak acid and conjugate base. The second shows a small amount of acid being added to the buffer solution. The third shows the net result, the buffer responds to addition of acid by reacting with some of the conjugate base in the solution thereby negating most of the impact of adding acid to the solution.

In the center diagram a small amount of acid (indicated by H+ ions) is added to the buffer solution. How will the buffer respond? The net result is shown in the diagram on the far right. Notice that most of the added acid has reacted with the conjugate base (A−) in the solution to form more weak acid (HA). In this illustration, only one of three added hydrogen ions remains free in the solution and contributes to a change in solution pH. It is in this manner that a buffer system responds to additions of acid and maintains pH. Note that a buffer system can be overwhelmed by the addition of too much acid. Basically, a buffer system will lose its ability to maintain pH once all of the conjugate base has been consumed by reacting with added acid.

The buffer system above was shown responding to additions of acid to the solution. Can it also cope with additions of base? Yes, added base reacts with weak acid to form water and releases the conjugate base.

Finally, it should be noted that buffer systems can also be constructed from a weak base and its conjugate acid. The principle and actions are similar to what is shown above.

Orientation to the Acid and Base Lab Activities

Procedure I and II Overview

You will perform pH testing of household and biological solutions and use that information to classify solutions as acids or bases.

Procedure III and IV Overview

You will compare pH changes of a buffer solution and water when acid or base are added to each solution.

Summary of Formulas and Concepts Needed for Calculations

Percent Change of pH

Adding acid or base to a solution causes changes to the pH of the solution. Calculating the percent change of pH allows us to understand how large (or small) a specific pH change is.

Percent Change of pH is calculated using the formula below

Percent Change of pH=100%×final pH value – initial pH valueinitial pH valuePercent Change of pH=100%×final pH value – initial pH valueinitial pH value

Sample Calculation: Determine the percent change of pH of a solution given the data below:

  • initial pH of solution = 5.25
  • final pH of solution = 3.75

Percent Change of pH=100%×final pH value – initial pH valueinitial pH valuePercent Change of pH=100%×final pH value – initial pH valueinitial pH value

Percent Change of pH=100%×3.75−5.255.25Percent Change of pH=100%×3.75−5.255.25

Percent Change of pH=100%×−1.505.25Percent Change of pH=100%×−1.505.25

Percent Change of pH=−28.57%Percent Change of pH=−28.57%

Percent Change can be positive or negative. A positive result indicates an increase and a negative result indicates a decrease.

1. The pH of a solution is calculated as follows: pH = −log[H+], where [H+] is the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L, and log is the common logarithm function (base 10 logarithm).

 

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Lab 1 Assignment Folder Assignment was first posted on July 23, 2020 at 6:33 am.
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