RESPOND TO (2) CLASSMATE"S(WK-6-DQ-1)–(8-16-18)

 CLASSMATE #-1  HEATHER. R

There was a broad exploration of personality theories in these last five and half weeks.  The one dichotomy that was seen time and time again was that of hereditary and genetic factors and experiential factors.  There is constant research into what parts of an individual are predetermined biologically and what parts can be decided by experience and choice.  The general consensus in psychology is that both nature and nurture play a role in who an individual becomes.  In each theory we have studied this course, we have seen how nature and nurture have played a role in the creation of each model.  Behaviorism focused more on the biological aspects, for example, while psychoanalysis focused greatly on the experiences that made someone the way they are.

This course has given me a much broader understanding of personality and the history behind its study.  The theory that had the greatest impact on my bettered understanding of personality came from Erik Erikson and his psychosocial theory of development.  The reason that his theory resonated so much with me is that his model spans a lifetime and is so easily observable in the lives of those around me.  Most of the personality theory I was exposed to in my undergraduate program focused more on the models pertaining to children.  Other than Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, every theory I was familiar with capped out by age 18.  Although I do remember learning about Erikson in my undergraduate classes, it was always brief and condensed.  Having researched the psychosocial development theory more extensively now, I can look at my children, ages 2 and 8, as well as many other family members of greatly varying ages, and observe them grappling with the crisis of their respective stages.  It is very cool to see this theory at play.  The features of this theory that make it so influential are its accounting for a lifespan of age ranges, opening up the possibility of further study in the personality of aging populations, and the social lens through which Erikson approaches development.  This social approach allows us to look at an individual as well as their connection to their community and the outside world in order to assess the features of their personality.

References

Lecci, L.B. & Magnavita, J.J. (2013). Personality Theories: A Scientific Approach. San Diego: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

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————————————————————————————————CLASSMATE #-2   DAVID. D

 

Personality theories are aplenty. One thing that I have recognized in each of the theories that we have discussed in this course is that biological and environmental/cultural influences are instrumental in the development of personality. Each of the theories either looks at one or both influences. For examples: Freud looked at the biological sexual urges as motivation in his theory (Lecci & Magnativa, 2013). Wundt’s theory is a combination of both with introspection in structuralism (Lecci & Magnativa, 2013). And Maslow theorized that the free will of an individual played a role in interaction with the environmental influences (Lecci & Magnativa, 2013). The best way for me to synthesize theories of personality is to take a bit from each theory that works and combine them together. Dweck (2017) introduces a new theory of personality on integrating “motivation, personality, and much of development under one umbrella” (p. 689). That is what we need to do as mental health professionals: we combine theories and uses what works for each client’s needs and treatment is based on all theories that work to help.

There are three theories on personality development that have impacted my thinking. Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs makes perfect sense to me and we are always thriving to reach goals and meet needs along the way. Erikson’s psychosocial theory resonated very highly with me in that interaction with the environment in combination with cognitive development (biological) shows a lifespan of development of personality. And just recently brought to my attention is the theory of personality that Rollo May developed based on anxiety levels. His theory makes sense in that we all have anxiety levels, but at which point they are high is when we know something is wrong. May’s theory accentuates the need for authenticity of “self” (Lecci & Magnativa, 2013).

Rev. Dave

References

Dweck, C. S. (2017). From needs to goals and representations: Foundations for a unified theory of motivation, personality, and development. Psychological Review, 124(6), 689-719. doi:10.1037/rev0000082 [EBSCOhost]

Lecci, L. B., & Magnavita, J. J. (2013). Personality Theories: A Scientific Approach. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

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critical Infrastructure Protection in Cybersecurity, Unit IV PowerPoint

Instructions

Perform research using the Internet and the school Online Library on a recent cybersecurity incident within the last three years. In your presentation, discuss the specifics of your chosen cyberattack such as how the event was planned, financed, carried out, and what the impact (damage) the attack caused.
Outline at least five detailed measures that the agency or organization affected by this incident could have taken to prevent this event. Preventative measures should include physical, social, or cybersecurity actions.
Your PowerPoint presentation must be a minimum of 10 slides not counting the title slide and the reference slide. You are expected to consult outside sources, that is, go beyond what has been presented in the lesson. Use additional information in the speaker notes section of the slides.

It would be beneficial to use at least two other sources besides your textbook for developing this PowerPoint presentation. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations and be cited per APA style.

conspiracy-theory-paper

In class we will be discussing the idea of conspiracy theory. For this essay, you must select a specific conspiracy theory and write an APA literature review that both discusses the conflicting positions on the topic and makes an argument about which position is supported by the stronger evidence. In other words, you’ll need to explain both the position in favor of the conspiracy and the opposing side. Furthermore, you will need to draw a conclusion about whether or not the conspiracy theory stands up to serious inquiry. In order to do this, you will need to do outside research. You should use at least eight sources and make sure that you use a variety of sources so that you get both sides of the issue.

Note this is a literature review, so you will be summarizing the ideas presented in your eight sources; however, you will also be explaining how these sources support your overall position about the conspiracy theory or why they theories presented in the article do not hold up to scrutiny.

You should include the following sections:

  1. An abstract that provides a brief summary of the conspiracy theory you are discussing and states what you intend to prove.
  2. An introduction that clearly states your position on the topic
  3. An analysis of relevant sources that uses information from your eight sources to support your position and debunk competing ideas.
  4. A conclusion that restates your overall position on the topic.

There are many conspiracy theories that you can pick from, but those listed below are some of the most popular:

JFK assassination: works well because there are a variety of different theories about who was responsible

9/11 attacks were not as they seemed.

Some mass shooting events were hoaxes designed to gain support for gun control measures.

UFOs: Another one that works well because of the number of well known incidents

The New World Order: This one also has several aspects such as the Illuminati and Article 21.

Jesus and Mary M: This one works well because it took off in popular culture with the Da Vinci Code but also originated in older materials.

Ancient astronaut theory.

Moon landing was faked.

Drug companies are hiding cures to major illnesses.

Doomsday prophecies/conspiracies: You might even look some at doomsday prepper culture.

Government mind control

 

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op-ed

And op-ed is a crucial part of a newspaper. The purpose of an op-ed is to offer an opinion.
Take a position on an issue and make a strong argument for or against it. Start by reading some
of the op-eds in your newspaper. You will find them (usually) under the opinion section.
For this assignment you will write your own op-ed piece. It should be around 1,000 words
and should take a position on an issue you feel strongly about.
Below is a NYT editors advice for writing an effective op-ed.
1) A wise editor once observed that the easiest decision a reader can make is to stop reading.
This means that every sentence has to count in grabbing the readers attention, starting with the
first. Get to the point: Why does your topic matter? Why should it matter today? And why should
the reader care what you, of all people, have to say about it?
2) The ideal reader of an op-ed is the ordinary subscriber a person of normal intelligence who
will be happy to learn something from you, provided he can readily understand what youre
saying. It is for a broad community of people that you must write, not the handful of fellow
experts you seek to impress with high-flown jargon, the intellectual rival you want to put down
with a devastating aside or the V.I.P. you aim to flatter with an oleaginous adjective.
3) The purpose of an op-ed is to offer an opinion. It is not a news analysis or a weighing up of
alternative views. It requires a clear thesis, backed by rigorously marshaled evidence, in the
service of a persuasive argument. Harry Truman once quipped that he wished he could hire only
one-handed economists just to get away from their on the one hand, on the other advice.
Op-ed pages are for one-handed writers.
4) Authority matters. Readers will look to authors who have standing, either because they have
expertise in their field or unique experience of a subject. If you can offer neither on a given topic
you should not write about it, however passionate your views may be. Opinion editors are often
keen on writers who can provide standing-with-surprise: the well-known environmentalist who
supports nuclear power; the right-wing politician who favors transgender rights; the
African-American scholar who opposes affirmative action.
5) Younger writers with no particular expertise or name recognition are likelier to get published
by following an 80-20 rule: 80 percent new information; 20 percent opinion.
1
6) An op-ed should never be written in the style of a newspaper column. A columnist is a
generalist, often with an idiosyncratic style, who performs for his readers. An op-ed contributor
is a specialist who seeks only to inform them.
7) Avoid the passive voice. Write declarative sentences. Delete useless or weasel words such as
apparently, understandable or indeed. Project a tone of confidence, which is the middle
course between diffidence and bombast.
8) Be proleptic, a word that comes from the Greek for anticipation. That is, get the better of
the major objection to your argument by raising and answering it in advance. Always offer the
other sides strongest case, not the straw man. Doing so will sharpen your own case and earn the
respect of your reader.
9) Sweat the small stuff. Read over each sentence read it aloud and ask yourself: Is this
true? Can I defend every single word of it? Did I get the facts, quotes, dates and spellings exactly
right? Yes, sometimes those spellings are hard: the president of Turkmenistan is Gurbanguly
Malikguliyevich Berdymukhammedov.
10) Youre not Proust. Keep your sentences short and your paragraphs tight.
11) A newspaper has a running conversation with its readers. Before pitching an op-ed you
should know when the paper last covered that topic, and how your piece will advance the
discussion.
12) Kill the clichs. If you want to give the reader an outside the box perspective on how to solve
a problem from hell by reimagining the policy toolbox to include stakeholder voices well, stop
right there. Editors notice these sorts of expressions the way French chefs notice slices of
Velveeta cheese: repulsive in themselves, and indicative of the mental slop that lies beneath.
13) If you find writing easy, youre doing it wrong. One useful tip for aspiring writers comes
from the film A River Runs Through It, in which the character played by Tom Skerritt, a
Presbyterian minister with a literary bent, receives essays from his children and instructs them to
make each successive draft half as long. If you want to write a successful 700-word op-ed,
start with a longer draft, then cut and cut again. The art of writing, believed the minister, lay
in thrift.
14) The editor is always right. Shes especially right when she axes the sentences or paragraphs
of which youre most proud. Treat your editor with respect by not second-guessing her judgment,
belaboring her with requests for publication decisions or submitting sloppy work in the
expectation that she will whip it into shape.