Shelly is a 4-year-old preschooler who lives with her parents and younger brother. She and her brother attend a local daycare center during the week while their parents are at work. In the evenings she and her brother take a bath and then their parents read to them before bedtime at 8 PM. Shellys daycare class includes many children her age and she enjoys playing outside with them. Although snack times are planned, Shelly would rather play and does not always finish her beverages.
Shellys mother calls the clinic and tells the nurse practitioner that Shelly has been running a fever of 101 F for the past 2 days and although her temperature decreases to 37.2 C (99 F) with Tylenol, it returns to 38.4 C (101 F) within 4 hours of each dose. Further, her mother says that Shelly complains that it hurts when I pee-pee. Shellys mother also has noticed that her daughter seems to be in the bathroom every hour. She makes an appointment to see the nurse practitioner this afternoon.

The potential diagnosis is UTI.

1.      What other assessment data would be helpful for the nurse practitioner to have?

2.      What are the organisms most likely to cause an UTI?

3.      What is the pharmacological treatment for Shelly? Keep in mind safe dosing.

4.      What are the teaching priorities for Shelly and her mother prior to her discharge from the clinic?

Please keep it concise. 1 initial post and 2 replies using peer-reviewed references published within 5 years.

Instructions:

Step 1: Using the Concordes Online Library, or other scholarly websites, perform research on Opioid abuse, specifically looking at aftercare from injuries, painful procedures, etc. Once you have completed your research, answer the following topics in a coherent essay that is a minimum of 3 pages, not including a title and/or reference page:

How has opioid use change over the past 5 years?
Is opioid addiction considered an epidemic, pandemic, or neither? Why?
What safeguards are being put into place to combat opioid addiction?
How has opioid addiction impacted patients that suffer from psychological disorders and with the potential for abuse, what are some alternatives to opioid prescriptions?
Explain how opioids become a dependent drugs for those who use it for a defense mechanism.
How do you personally work with patients who have chronic pain, present symptoms of addiction to opioids, and/or have chronic pain but refuse to take prescription medications due to the abuse potential? (You will need to address all three topics but since this is will be your personal experience outside research is not necessary but is a good practice).
  Step 2: Once complete, save your file and submit.

You are required to have at least two outside resources, at the scholarly level. Wikipedia is not acceptable. You are encouraged to use Concordes Online Library: http://galesites.com/menu/index.php?loc=miss22358 to ensure peer-reviewed, credible, and scholarly resources.