Lab Report on Chapter 4: DNA physical properties

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first, include an abstract on report. I will include all the information and you can put that together in your own
words.
Objective: to understand the structural characteristics of DNA that are responsible for its viscosity, perform
viscosity tests, to illustrate that viscosity of DNA can be reduced by shearing or denaturation; to understand
why DNA is viscous in solution but not in intact cells
DNA is Polymer consisting of repeating nucleotide units
Each nucleotide =nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar, and inorganic phosphate
DNA is double helix and rigid
Four bases = A, C, T, G Strands are held together by hydrogen bonds (noncovalent)
Adenine pairs with Thymine
Guanine pairs with Cytosine
A and G-purines
T and C-pyrimidines
Experiment 1: Visocity Test
Viscosity-resistance of a substance to flow. DNA is viscous because of its length and its double helix.
We will perform the viscosity test of the suspension (Unlysed cells) and cell lysate using Pasteur pipet and
the timer.
Use the same pipet for each measurement, no need to clean it!
Wear protective eye wear!!
The tip of the pipet is very sharp!
We will use 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 10N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to break open the cells
(will be added by the instructor).
How SDS works?SDS +NaOH=lysis buffer
SDS solubilizes cell membrane, binds to both hydrophobic (membrane) and hydrophilic (non-membrane)
proteins.
NaOH helps break down the cell wall
SDS also denatures most of the proteins in the cell.
DNA that has been sheared (cut or broken up) is less viscous than intact DNA.
Shearing of DNA reduces its length.
Experiment 4-2-Mechanical shearing of DNA
We will be using same 4 ml of the cell
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lysate for all 5 shearing passes.
Heating DNA denatures it (breaks apart the strands of the double helix). What bonds are being broken?
Single-stranded DNA is less viscous than double-stranded
Experiment 4-3
Don’t forget the put boiled DNA on ice!!!
Use 2 ml of the cell lysate
DNA can be precipitated by dehydration in alcohol solutions
Precipitated DNA can then be spooled using a glass rod
Experiment 4-4
4ml of lysate+ 8ml ethanol
Will observe white threads of DNA

Sample Solution

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A three-part memorandum

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Create a three-part memorandum for your supervisor in which you research a
crime prevention program or a strategy for a crime prevention program, utilizing the format of an annotated
bibliography. You will then assess the effectiveness of the crime prevention program or strategy and
consider how theories may provide context for approaches to crime prevention.
1.Theory Application
The memorandum must compare and contrast how and to what extent each of the following theoretical
approaches, drawn from Chapter 3 of the Elliott and Fagin (2017) text, could support the crime prevention
strategy addressed in the selected article:
General deterrence theory
Specific deterrence theory
Routine Activities theory
2.Next, compare and contrast how and to what extent each of the below theories, drawn from the life course
approach discussed in Chapter 3 of the Elliott and Fagin (2017) text, could support the crime prevention
program or strategy addressed in the selected article:
Strain theory
Social learning theory
Social control theory
Integrated theory
3.Finally, and although more than one theory may be relevant and applicable, recommend one of the
foregoing seven theories that would best inform the crime prevention program or strategy in your selected
crime prevention program.

Sample Solution

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Case Brief Raglin v. HMO Illinois, Inc.

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Identify significant legal issue(s) in the case.
For each issue, identify the legal rule that is relevant for that issue
Use the legal rule to then analyze the facts of the case.
In analyzing, break the rule down into different requirements.
Address each requirement of that legal rule.
Use a relevant fact to analyze each requirement.
Then, connect the facts to the rule with an appropriate explanation.
Finally, make a reasonable conclusion based on your analysis.
In analyzing a particular case, one recommended format is the following:

Sample Solution

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The Future of Terrorist Attacks

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Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper about what you would do in case of a terror attack. Include the following:

In addition to the above scenario, what ways do you think terror groups today can leverage technology to either launch an attack or otherwise help their cause?
What actions and results are needed for an attack to be considered cyber terrorism?
Can the effects of cyber terrorism affect more than just the virtual world? Explain.
As a criminal justice response, what is the most effective ways to mitigate the role technology can play in helping cyber-terrorist?

Sample Solution

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