ece 430Answers 1Bids 1Other questions 10

Ashford 6: – Week 5 – Instructor GuidanceWeek Five Instructor Guidance Way to go! You did it! You made it to the final week of your Early Childhood Education Capstone course. Make sure to give yourself a pat on the back and celebrate your accomplishments in this course.  After all it is your accomplishments that will allow you to fulfill your dream of a career in early childhood education.  If you need a little motivation and encouragement to take the next steps in your career, watch the video below!  Overview of the Learning Week Wow, it is hard to believe that it is time for our final week of class.  We have been on an amazing journey so far and I know that this final week will also be great.  This week all of the learning that you have done not only in this course, but throughout your degree program will come together in your ePortfolio.  You will use the case study to analyze the connection between NAEYC’s Standard of Commitment and the dispositions of teachers.  Finally, if you have not already done so, you will need to complete the Program Comprehensive Exam. Let’s get started! Instructor Expertise Case Study Explanation In the final week of the case study, you will have the opportunity to hear what the parents of the students in Mrs. Ashland’s class have thought about what she has done for their child throughout the year as they nominate her for the Golden Apple Award.  This week will also wrap up many of the storylines that have been running throughout the case study each week.  The Importance of Positive Relationships with Your Coworkers          “Good working relationships with your coworkers will enhance the program for children and make your work easier and more pleasant” (Feeney, Moravcik, Nolte, & Christensen, 2010, p. 447).  When you have a positive working relationship with your coworkers you have someone that you can trust to go to when you are having trouble whether it be with curriculum, a student, or a parent.  In the case study we saw a great example of this type of relationship between Mrs. Ashland and Mrs. Ford. There are many ways to go about building positive relationships with your coworkers. One of the easiest things that you can do is to make yourself available to your colleagues. This can be as simple as eating lunch together, setting up times to meet regularly, or sending them an email to let them know that you wanted to talk with them about how some of your students are doing.  Another way to establish strong relationships with your coworkers is to maintain their trust. If your coworker tells you something in confidence, then you should respect that and keep the information confidential. While this sounds like an easy task, all too often issues that are shared in confidence are not respected. Finally, take some time to get to know your colleagues outside of school. When you have the chance to interact with your coworkers in a setting other than school you will get to learn a lot about each other.  How are the ideas shared in the previous paragraph related to the dispositions of quality early childhood educators that were shared in the text? Take a minute to reflect on this. You will also have a chance to solidify your understanding of the dispositions of quality early childhood educators in the first discussion forum of the week.  Dispositions and Job Interviews The beginning of chapter 9 introduces the concept of dispositions and how these particular characteristics can help early childhood educators be successful in finding employment and maintaining employment.  When you go to interview for a position, you will most likely be asked the question, ‘What are your strengths?’  Interviewers ask this question because they often have specific characteristics that they are looking for in potential employees.  After answering this question, they will likely follow up with, ‘What are your areas of weakness?’ Ughh! Of course you  don’t want to talk about your weaknesses!!    This question too is a  common interview question and it is important for individuals to know their areas of weakness so that they can work on growth.  For example, you may soon be interviewing for a job in which you have limited experience.  You might respond to this question by saying that despite not having a lengthy ECE background, you are an eager teacher who is willing to listen, grow, and reflect.  When we identify our areas of weakness and acknowledge that we have a plan for growth it shows others that we are committed to coming stronger, better professionals.   Once again, think back to the dispositions shared in the text.  Which of these dispositions do you feel are your strengths?  Which ones might be your weakness?  How can you use your reflection regarding these dispositions to help you successfully navigate your first job interview?        Becoming a Reflective Early Childhood Professional Along with learning about the dispositions of teachers in chapter nine of our textbook, we learn about the importance of reflecting on a daily basis. Reflection is an important quality for educators to possess. “Specifically, educators’ reflections and evaluations of the development and implementation of their guidance skills with children are particularly important in order to effectively meet individual children’s needs”  (McFarland, L., Saunders, R., & Allen, S., 2009, p. 505).  It is through the process of reflection that I feel you can evaluate whether or not you have been effective and ensure that your students will be successful as well.  There are many different ways that you can choose to reflect each day. One method for reflecting that is used by many early childhood educators is to keep a teaching journal. At the end of each day take a couple of minutes to think about how your day went. Sometimes you may be able to fill two or three pages and other days you may just write a sentence.  Another way to reflect on your day is to talk with your coworkers about how your day went. What is important is that you take time every day to think back about the day and can then use this reflection to help you decide the next steps you want to take with your students. Robert Marzano is a well-known educator who has spent a lot of time focusing on how to help educators become better at reflecting. If you ever get the chance to attend a training with Marzano or to read his book, Becoming a Reflective Teacher, jump on it. It will transform the way you look at reflecting on your teaching practices. As you work on creating your ePortfolio for your final project this week, make sure you take some time to reflect on all that you have learned throughout this course and your degree program. You will be amazed at all you know! Your Teaching Career Another idea that stood out to me when reading the assigned chapters for this week in our textbook was the importance of allowing yourself the chance to grow as an educator. Two ideas that are shared in the text that were discussed to help you make the most of your teaching career were to work with a mentor and to attend professional development. Throughout my teaching career, you may have the opportunity to work with a mentor. One of the most important steps to having a successful relationship with your mentor is to make sure that it is built on trust. This is true whether you are the mentor or the mentee. When working with together, it is important to make sure that you are both there to help each other and to learn from each other. By taking this approach you will set the relationship off on the right foot and be able to learn a lot. Along with working with a mentor, making a plan for professional development will be important to your success as an early childhood educator. In fact the text said, “While the first days on the job may seem all consuming at this point, it is still vital to take the long view” (Krogh, 2013, p. 222). One commonly used forms of professional development is to subscribe to one of your favorite education journals.  This allows you to read them when you have the time and to save the ideas for future reference. Hopefully you will also have the opportunity to attend conferences as they provide wonderful opportunities to engage with professionals in the field.  As you work on your ePortfolio this week, you will have the chance to develop your own plan for professional development.  You might find some ideas for professional development in the U.S. Department of Education website. Helpful hints for Creating Your Education Professional ePortfolio This week, you will need to finalize your ePortoflio according to the Education Professional Portfolio directions provided in the course.  Remember, you must create your ePortfolio using Google Sites. The content that you will be adding to your ePortfolio is based on work you have completed throughout the course (see the chart below for a brief explanation of which course assignment connects to each component of your Education Professional Portfolio).  You are strongly encouraged to review the chart below, as well as the complete assignment description, early in the week in case you have any questions.  Also, you might find it helpful to use the grading rubric as a checklist while creating each page in your ePortfolio.  As you complete each requirement, check it off and then you will know that you haven’t forgotten to include something. Remember, there is a tip sheet for setting up your ePortfolio using Google Sites located with the Final Project Description under the Week 5 tab.   Finally, don’t forget about the extensive help resources that are available at the Google Sites Help Center. As always, I am here for you so please don’t hesitate to reach out and ask for help. ePortfolio ComponentConnection to Previously Completed Coursework Tips/Hints for Completing This ComponentPortfolio Table of ContentsNo connection to a previous assignment.Your table of contents will simply list all of the components in your ePortfolio.Cover LetterWeek 5 Discussion 2 ForumYou will want to take the letter you wrote as your initial response in the Week 5 Discussion 2 forum and revise it.BiographyNo connection to a previous assignment.You will need to create this.  In your biography, you will want to tell your potential employer about who you are. Think of it as your chance to introduce yourself to your employer. Make sure to include either a photograph of yourself or an image that is relevant to early childhood education. Model of TeachingInitial Response in the Week 1 Discussion 1 ForumTake another look at your initial response that you posted in the Week 1 Discussion 1 Forum.  Use this as a starting point to create a position statement that clearly explains which model of teaching aligns with your philosophy of learning. Make sure to support your thoughts with a scholarly source.Developmentally Appropriate PracticesWeek 1 Discussion 2 ForumIn the Week 1 Discussion 2 Forum you wrote about one aspect of Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP).   For this part of your ePortfolio, you want to talk about DAP in general  and  expand on why you believe it is important to use developmentally appropriate practices with your students.Approaches to CurriculumInitial Response in the Week 2 Discussion 2 ForumIn the Week 2 Discussion 2 Forum, you created a lesson plan that aligned with a particular teaching approach and your peers provided you with feedback on your lesson plan.  Using the feedback from your peers, revise the lesson plan that you created.Differentiated Common Core or Early Learning Standards Lesson PlanWeek 2 Written AssignmentUsing the feedback you received on your assignment from your instructor, revise your lesson plan.  Along with revising your lesson plan you need to include a paragraph that explains the revisions you made.Parent CommunicationWeek 3 Discussion 1 ForumUsing the ideas about communicating with families in the Week 3 Discussion 1 Forum, develop and share your plan for communicating with parents.  Classroom OrganizationInitial Response in the Week 3 Discussion 2 ForumIn the Week 3 Discussion 2 Forum you created a poster that focused on classroom management.  You can either use this poster or develop a new plan to describe your classroom management plan. Assessment PlanWeek 4 AssignmentUsing the feedback your instructor provides you on your Week 4 assignment, choose two of the three assessments from your presentation to revise. You will include your revised information regarding these two assessments in your ePortfolio. Disposition StatementWeek 5 Discussion 1In the Week 5 Discussion Forum 1, you evaluated Mrs. Ashland based on the dispositions of effective teachers that are shared in our text.   Now, you want to use those dispositions to create a philosophy statement about the necessary qualities of early childhood educators.  Plan Professional DevelopmentNo connection to a previous assignment.In this section, you will want to share three ways that you will commit to professional development. For each of the types of professional development you commit to make sure to explain why this type of professional development will be important to your growth as an early childhood educator.RationaleNo connection to a previous assignment.You will want to create a brief summary that explains how the components in your ePortfolio demonstrate mastery of the topics and subjects on the Program Comprehensive Exam.Reference PageNo connection to a previous assignment.This is where you will list all of the resources that you have used throughout your entire ePortfolio site.  Remember in order for something to be considered a reference, it needs to be cited somewhere in your ePortfolio. Please make sure you view the complete assignment description in the course.  The information in this chart is just a brief overview.  Program Comprehensive Examination Just a friendly reminder that if you have not already taken your Program Comprehensive Exam, you will need to do so by the last day of class. The exam is worth 10 points, or 10% of your grade. You will not be able to take this exam after the course has ended, so please plan accordingly.  Critical Reflections/Application OpportunitiesWho do you want to be as an early childhood education professional? How will children and families remember you as an early childhood professional? How will you use the information you learned and throughout your degree program in your career as an early childhood professional? “Kids don’t remember what you tried to teach them. They remember what you are. “  ~Jim Henson  Weekly Readings Chapter 9: You as a Professional This chapter focuses on you becoming a professional in the field of early childhood education.  Chapter 10: Early Childhood Education: Leadership and Management This chapter focuses on leadership and management roles within the field of early childhood education. ECE 430: Week 5 case study: Dispositions/Closure. We learn that the parents of Mrs. Ashland’s student nominate her for Golden Apple Award. In their nominations they express what she has done for their child and each child’s storyline is wrapped up through these explanations.  NAEYC’s Code of ethical conduct and statement of commitment. This resource provides access to NAEYC’s Code of Ethical Conduct and Statement of Commitment.  Week Five Learning Activities  PointsLearning ActivityDue Date4Discussion: Week 4 Case Study Analysis   This discussion will focus on dispositions of teachers and the Week 5 Case Study. You will be assuming the role of a judge for the Golden Apple Award. Using the dispositions of early childhood educators shared in the text and NAEYC’s Code of Ethical Conduct and Statement of Commitment, you will need to evaluate the submission letters to see if Mrs. Ashland should win the award.Peer Response:  You will need to respond to at least two of your peers. Make sure to discuss whether you agree or disagree with your peers recommendations for Mrs. Ashland winning the award by citing evidence. When responding to your peers, make sure that you follow the guidelines listed in the Guided Response.  If you do not address the Guided Response, you will not be able to earn full participation points. Day 3, Thursday Day 7, Monday4Discussion: Cover Letters   This discussion focuses creating a  cover letter for a job. Please make sure you create a cover letter for a job that you find from www.indeed.com. Make sure to include all of the required information on your job description as stated in the discussion directions.Peer Response: You will need to respond to at least two of your peers. When responding to your peers, you will need to provide them feedback on their cover letter and career goals.  When responding to your peers, make sure that you follow the guidelines listed in the Guided Response. If you do not address the Guided Response, you will not be able to earn full participation points.  Day 3, ThursdayDay 7, Monday20Final Project: Education Professional ePortfolio   For your final project, you will be creating an ePortfolio using Google Sites. You can use this JOB AID to help you set up your ePortfolio. Many of the requirements for your ePortfolio will come from prior weekly discussions or previous assignments. Please make sure that you view the complete assignment directions to make sure that you understand the requirements for your using your previous work in your ePortfolio. To submit your ePortfolio, simply copy and paste the URL for your ePortfolio onto a word document and attach your document to the assignment submission box.Day 7, Monday Additional Materials  Building Relationships with Colleagues The Center on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning (n.d.). Strategies for Building Relationships with Children, Families, and Colleagues. Retrieved from http://csefel.vanderbilt.edu/resources/higher/CSEFEL%20goes%20to%20college1.pdf  New2Teaching (n.d.). Working relationships. Retrieved from http://www.new2teaching.org.uk/tzone/education/workingrelationships/  UC Berkley (n.d.). Career Management: Relationship-Building. Retrieved from http://hrweb.berkeley.edu/learning/career-development/career-management/relationship-building Dispositions of Teachers Colker, L. (2008, March). Twelve Characteristics of Effective Early Childhood Educators. Retrieved from https://www.naeyc.org/files/yc/file/200803/BTJ_Colker.pdf  Wadlington, E., & Wadlington, P. (2011). Teacher Dispositions:Implications for Teacher Education. Retrieved from http://d1p3wm1hneu8o1.cloudfront.net/wadlington%20birkman%20teaching%201.pdf Job Interview Tips Adventures in Education (n.d.). Prepare for a Job Interview: Helpful Tips. Retrieved from http://www.aie.org/finding-a-career/job-interviews/Prepare-for-a-Job-Interview-Helpful-Tips.cfm  CBS News (2012, June 11). 9 tips to prepare for a job interview. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/9-tips-to-prepare-for-a-job-interview/  References Feeney, S., Moravcik, E., Nolte, S., & Christensen, D. (2010). Who Am I in the Lives of Children? (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc.  Heald, S. & Zaur, J. (2013). Early Childhood Education 430: Week 5, Case Study: Dispositions/Closure. Ashford University. Retrieved from the Course Materials section of your online course.   Krogh, S. (2013). A bridge to the classroom and early care: ECE capstone. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Marzano, R. (2012). Becoming a Reflective Practitioner. Bloomington, IN: Marzano Research Laboratory.  McFarland, L., Saunders, R., & Allen, S. (2009). Reflective Practice and Self-Evaluation in Learning Positive Guidance: Experiences of Early Childhood Practicum Students. Early Childhood Education Journal, 36(6), 505-511. doi:10.1007/s10643-009-0315-2 National Association for the Education of Young Children. (2011). Code of ethical conduct and statement of commitment. Retrieved from http://www.naeyc.org/files/naeyc/file/positions/Ethics%20Position%20Statement2011.pdf SoulPancake (2013, January 24). A Pep Talk from Kid President to You [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-gQLqv9f4o  U.S. Department of Education (n.d.). Professional Development: Continuing Education. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/teachers/dev/contedu/edpicks.jhtml

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Leading Change: Nursing and Physician Roles

   

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Assignment:

Assignment Description:  This assignment will be at least 1500 words or more

 This week you will reflect upon the effects of the nursing shortage to answer the following questions:

  • What steps can we take to address the nursing shortage?
  • Briefly define the series of events that led to the nursing shortage.
  • Reflect on your future role as a nurse or healthcare employee in the midst of a nursing shortage crisis.
  • How do you see the role of legislature contributing to safe staffing during a shortage?

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  • Length:
    • 1500-2000 words (6-8 pages); answers must thoroughly address the questions in a clear, concise manner
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    • Include a title page and reference page in APA style
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    • Two scholarly references are required; you should include the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions
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LEG420 WEEK 10 paperAnswers 1Bids 1Other questions 10

Term Paper: Individual Rights and Social OrderDue Week 10 and worth 200 points Over the course of the term, this course has focused on the concepts of Individual Rights as protected under the Bill of Rights, as well as the role of the legal systems and its unrelenting pursuit of Social Order.   Each concept balances the other to ensure that rules, institutions, and public initiatives can be executed in a standardized and judicious manner for the benefit of a civilized society.  Review the following in preparation to follow a systematic approach to your synthesis of law and fact:Champion, D. J., Hartley, R. D., & Rabe, G.A. (2012). Chapter 1 Law: The Legal Battlefield. In  Criminal courts: Structure, process, and issues (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Write a ten to fifteen (10-15) page paper in which you:Explain the difference in individual rights and social order, and examine the major effects of both on the legal system overall.Choose one (1) of the social controls discussed within Chapter 1, and give your opinion as to the amendment which offers the most protection of the social control that you selected. Address whether the chosen Amendment is simply an instrument of protection to ensure that the rights and liberties of citizens are secure, whether it provides a framework to facilitate citizen / governmental interactions, or both. Explain the answer.Discuss the essentials ways in which the law effectuates social change in American society through judicial activism. Provide a rationale for the response.Examine the overall importance of both substantive law and procedural law. Suggest three (3) ways in which these two (2) types of laws can protect both individual rights and social order. Discuss the invaluable aspects of substantive and procedural in keeping the adversarial system in balance while protecting individual rights and social order. Justify the response.Analyze the key differences between criminal law, civil law, and administrative law. Discuss the role of each when criminal and administrative law or civil and administrative law intersects in the litigation process.Propose two (2) ways in which these three (3) types of laws protect individual rights and social order. Justify the response.Review the three (3) functions of law. Explain the essential manner in which the law overall ensures the existence of adequate order, provides resolutions to conflicts, and protects civil liberties (e.g., freedom of thought, belief, expression, and assembly; protection against unreasonable searches and seizures; and provisions for a court hearing prior to government taking of property) as set forth in the U.S. Constitution. Debate whether or not social control(s), as a function of law, play a fundamentally positive/creative role or negative / restrictive role in the development of modern American law. Provide a rationale for the response.Use at least two (2) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not quality as academic resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:Analyze the functions of law and identify various types of law.Describe the structure of American courts, including federal and state courts, and explain court jurisdiction.Use technology and information resources to research issues in U.S. courts.Write clearly and concisely about U.S. courts using proper writing mechanics and APA style conventions. Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric.Click here to view the rubric.Points: 200Term Paper: Individual Rights and Social OrderCriteria UnacceptableBelow 60% FMeets Minimum Expectations60-69% D Fair70-79% C Proficient80-89% B Exemplary90-100% A1. Explain the difference in individual rights and social order, and examine the major effects of both on the legal system overall.Weight: 10%Did not submit or incompletely explained the difference individual rights and social order, and did not submit or incompletely examined the major effects of both on the legal system overall.Insufficiently explained the difference individual rights and social order, and insufficiently examined the major effects of both on the legal system overall.Partially explained the difference individual rights and social order, and partially examined the major effects of both on the legal system overall.Satisfactorily explained the difference individual rights and social order, and satisfactorily examined the major effects of both on the legal system overall.Thoroughly explained the difference individual rights and social order, and thoroughly examined the major effects of both on the legal system overall.2. Choose one (1) of the social controls discussed within Chapter 1, and give your opinion as to the amendment which offers the most protection of the social control that you selected. Address whether the chosen Amendment is simply an instrument of protection to ensure that the rights and liberties of citizens are secure, whether it provides a framework to facilitate citizen / governmental interactions, or both. Explain the answer. Weight: 20%Did not submit or incompletely chose one (1) of the social controls discussed within Chapter 1 and did not submit or incompletely gave your opinion as to the amendment which offers the most protection of the social control that you selected. Did not submit or incompletely addressed whether the chosen Amendment is simply an instrument of protection to ensure that the rights and liberties of citizens are secure, whether it provides a framework to facilitate citizen / governmental interactions, or both. Did not submit or incompletely explained the answer.Insufficiently chose one (1) of the social controls discussed within Chapter 1 and insufficiently gave your opinion as to the amendment which offers the most protection of the social control that you selected. Insufficiently addressed whether the chosen Amendment is simply an instrument of protection to ensure that the rights and liberties of citizens are secure, whether it provides a framework to facilitate citizen / governmental interactions, or both. Insufficiently explained the answer.Partially chose one (1) of the social controls discussed within Chapter 1 and partially gave your opinion as to the amendment which offers the most protection of the social control that you selected. Partially addressed whether the chosen Amendment is simply an instrument of protection to ensure that the rights and liberties of citizens are secure, whether it provides a framework to facilitate citizen / governmental interactions, or both. Partially explained the answer.Satisfactorily chose one (1) of the social controls discussed within Chapter 1 and satisfactorily gave your opinion as to the amendment which offers the most protection of the social control that you selected. Satisfactorily addressed whether the chosen Amendment is simply an instrument of protection to ensure that the rights and liberties of citizens are secure, whether it provides a framework to facilitate citizen / governmental interactions, or both. Satisfactorily explained the answer.Thoroughly chose one (1) of the social controls discussed within Chapter 1 and thoroughly gave your opinion as to the amendment which offers the most protection of the social control that you selected. Thoroughly addressed whether the chosen Amendment is simply an instrument of protection to ensure that the rights and liberties of citizens are secure, whether it provides a framework to facilitate citizen / governmental interactions, or both. Thoroughly explained the answer.3. Discuss the essentials ways in which the law effectuates social change in American society through judicial activism. Provide a rationale for the response.Weight: 10%Did not submit or incompletely discussed the essential ways in which the law effectuates social change in American society through judicial activism. Did not submit or incompletely provided a rationale for the response.Insufficiently discussed the essential ways in which the law effectuates social change in American society through judicial activism. Insufficiently provided a rationale for the response.Partially discussed the essential ways in which the law effectuates social change in American society through judicial activism. Partially provided a rationale for the response.Satisfactorily discussed the essential ways in which the law effectuates social change in American society through judicial activism. Satisfactorily provided a rationale for the response.Thoroughly discussed the essential ways in which the law effectuates social change in American society through judicial activism. Thoroughly provided a rationale for the response.4. Examine the overall importance of both substantive law and procedural law. Suggest three (3) ways in which these two (2) types of laws can protect both individual rights and social order. Discuss the invaluable aspects of substantive and procedural in keeping the adversarial system in balance while protecting individual rights and social order. Justify the response.Weight: 10%Did not submit or incompletely examined the overall importance of both substantive law and procedural law. Did not submit or incompletely suggested three (3) ways in which these two (2) types of laws can protect both individual rights and social order.  Did not submit or incompletely discussed the invaluable aspects of substantive and procedural in keeping the adversarial system in balance while protecting individual rights and social order. Did not submit or incompletely justified the response.Insufficiently examined the overall importance of both substantive law and procedural law. Insufficiently suggested three (3) ways in which these two (2) types of laws can protect both individual rights and social order. Insufficiently discussed the invaluable aspects of substantive and procedural in keeping the adversarial system in balance while protecting individual rights and social order. Insufficiently justified the response.Partially examined the overall importance of both substantive law and procedural law. Partially suggested three (3) ways in which these two (2) types of laws can protect both individual rights and social order. Partially discussed the invaluable aspects of substantive and procedural in keeping the adversarial system in balance while protecting individual rights and social order. Partially justified the response.Satisfactorily examined the overall importance of both substantive law and procedural law. Satisfactorily suggested three (3) ways in which these two (2) types of laws can protect both individual rights and social order. Satisfactorily discussed the invaluable aspects of substantive and procedural in keeping the adversarial system in balance while protecting individual rights and social order. Satisfactorily justified the response.Thoroughly examined the overall importance of both substantive law and procedural law. Thoroughly suggested three (3) ways in which these two (2) types of laws can protect both individual rights and social order. Thoroughly discussed the invaluable aspects of substantive and procedural in keeping the adversarial system in balance while protecting individual rights and social order. Thoroughly justified the response.5. Analyze the key differences between criminal law, civil law, and administrative law. Discuss the role of each when criminal and administrative law or civil and administrative law intersects in the litigation process.Propose two (2) ways in which these three (3) types of laws protect individual rights and social order. Justify the response.Weight: 15%Did not submit or incompletely analyzed the key differences between criminal law, civil law, and administrative law. Did not submit or incompletely discussed the role of each when criminal and administrative law intersects in the litigation process. Did not submit or incompletely proposed two (2) ways in which these three (3) types of laws protect individual rights and social order. Did not submit or incompletely justified the response.Insufficiently analyzed the key differences between criminal law, civil law, and administrative law. Insufficiently discussed the role of each when criminal and administrative law intersects in the litigation process. Insufficiently proposed two (2) ways in which these three (3) types of laws protect individual rights and social order. Insufficiently justified the response.Partially analyzed the key differences between criminal law, civil law, and administrative law. Partially discussed the role of each when criminal and administrative law intersects in the litigation process. Partially proposed two (2) ways in which these three (3) types of laws protect individual rights and social order. Partially justified the response.Satisfactorily analyzed the key differences between criminal law, civil law, and administrative law. Satisfactorily discussed the role of each when criminal and administrative law intersects in the litigation process. Satisfactorily proposed two (2) ways in which these three (3) types of laws protect individual rights and social order. Satisfactorily justified the response.Thoroughly analyzed the key differences between criminal law, civil law, and administrative law. Thoroughly discussed the role of each when criminal and administrative law intersects in the litigation process. Thoroughly proposed two (2) ways in which these three (3) types of laws protect individual rights and social order. Thoroughly justified the response.Review the three (3) functions of law.  Explain the essential manner in which the law overall ensures the existence of adequate order, provides resolutions to conflicts, and protects civil liberties (e.g., freedom of thought, belief, expression, and assembly; protection against unreasonable searches and seizures; and provisions for a court hearing prior to government taking of property) as set forth in the U.S. Constitution. Weight: 10%Did not submit or incompletely reviewed the three (3) functions of law. Did not submit or incompletely explained the essential manner in which the law overall ensures the existence of adequate order, provides resolutions to conflicts, and protects civil liberties (e.g., freedom of thought, belief, expression, and assembly; protection against unreasonable search and seizures; and provisions for a court hearing prior to government taking of property) as set forth in the U.S. Constitution.Insufficiently reviewed the three (3) functions of law. Insufficiently explained the essential manner in which the law overall ensures the existence of adequate order, provides resolutions to conflicts, and protects civil liberties (e.g., freedom of thought, belief, expression, and assembly; protection against unreasonable search and seizures; and provisions for a court hearing prior to government taking of property) as set forth in the U.S. Constitution.Partially reviewed the three (3) functions of law. Partially explained the essential manner in which the law overall ensures the existence of adequate order, provides resolutions to conflicts, and protects civil liberties (e.g., freedom of thought, belief, expression, and assembly; protection against unreasonable search and seizures; and provisions for a court hearing prior to government taking of property) as set forth in the U.S. Constitution.Satisfactorily reviewed the three (3) functions of law. Satisfactorily explained the essential manner in which the law overall ensures the existence of adequate order, provides resolutions to conflicts, and protects civil liberties (e.g., freedom of thought, belief, expression, and assembly; protection against unreasonable search and seizures; and provisions for a court hearing prior to government taking of property) as set forth in the U.S. Constitution.Thoroughly reviewed the three (3) functions of law. Thoroughly explained the essential manner in which the law overall ensures the existence of adequate order, provides resolutions to conflicts, and protects civil liberties (e.g., freedom of thought, belief, expression, and assembly; protection against unreasonable search and seizures; and provisions for a court hearing prior to government taking of property) as set forth in the U.S. Constitution.Debate whether social control(s), as a function of law, play a fundamentally positive / creative role or negative / restrictive role in the development of modern American law. Provide a rationale for the response.Weight: 10%Did not submit or incompletely debated whether social control(s), as a function of law, play a fundamentally positive / creative role or negative / restrictive role in the development of modern American law. Did not submit or incompletely provided a rationale for the response.Insufficiently debated whether social control(s), as a function of law, play a fundamentally positive / creative role or negative / restrictive role in the development of modern American law. Insufficiently provided a rationale for the response.Partially debated whether social control(s), as a function of law, play a fundamentally positive / creative role or negative / restrictive role in the development of modern American law. Partially provided a rationale for the response.Satisfactorily debated whether social control(s), as a function of law, play a fundamentally positive / creative role or negative / restrictive role in the development of modern American law. Satisfactorily provided a rationale for the response.Thoroughly debated whether social control(s), as a function of law, play a fundamentally positive / creative role or negative / restrictive role in the development of modern American law. Thoroughly provided a rationale for the response.8. 2 references Weight: 5%No references providedDoes not meet the required number of references; all references poor quality choices.Does not meet the required number of references; some references poor quality choices.Meets number of required references; all references high quality choices.Exceeds number of required references; all references high quality choices.9. Clarity, writing mechanics, and formatting requirementsWeight: 10%More than 8 errors present 7-8 errors present5-6 errors present3-4 errors present0-2 errors present

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Capital Budgeting Case (ATTN KIM WOODS DUE 28 FEB 16 BY 4 PM EASTERN TIME )Answers 1Bids 0Other questions 10

Hello I need the below assignment by 28 Feb 16 by 4 Pm eastern timeYour company is thinking about acquiring another corporation. You have two choices—the cost of each choice is $250,000. You cannot spend more than that, so acquiring both corporations is not an option. The following are your critical data: Corporation A Revenues = $100,000 in year one, increasing by 10% each yearExpenses = $20,000 in year one, increasing by 15% each yearDepreciation expense = $5,000 each yearTax rate = 25%Discount rate = 10% Corporation B Revenues = $150,000 in year one, increasing by 8% each yearExpenses = $60,000 in year one, increasing by 10% each yearDepreciation expense = $10,000 each yearTax rate = 25%Discount rate = 11% Compute and analyze items (a) through (d) using a Microsoft® Excel® spreadsheet. Make sure all calculations can be seen in the background of the applicable spreadsheet cells. In other words, leave an audit trail so others can see how you arrived at your calculations and analysis. Items (a) through (d) should be submitted in Microsoft® Excel®; indicate your recommendation (e) in the Microsoft® Excel® spreadsheet;  the paper stated in item (f) should be submitted consistent with APA guidelines. a.     A 5-year projected income statementb.     A 5-year projected cash flowc.     Net present value (NPV)d.     Internal rate of return (IRR)e.     Based on items (a) through (d), which company would you recommend acquiring?f.      Write a paper of no more 1,050 words that defines, analyzes, and interprets the answers to items (c) and (d). Present the rationale behind each item and why it supports your decision stated in item (e). Also, attempt to describe the relationship between NPV and IRR. (Hint. The key factor is the discount rate used.)  In addition to the paper, a Micosoft® Excel® spreadsheet showing your projections and calculations must be shown and attached.  Capital Budgeting – Clarification Example  When people hear the term capital budgeting, they usually focus on the budgeting part of the term rather than the capital portion. Actually, capital is the more important aspect because it shows you that you are evaluating a larger expenditure that will be capitalized—in other words, depreciated over time.  Remember, a capital expenditure can be many things—a large copying machine, an automated assembly line, a building, or the ultimate in capital budgeting—the acquisition of another entity. What is important about capital budgeting is it allows you to analyze one or more projects so you can intelligently and strategically decide on which project you wish to acquire or which piece of equipment you should procure. There are at least six capital budgeting tools you can use in analyzing a capital expenditure: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), profitability index (PI), payback period (PB), discounted payback period (DPB), and modified internal rate of return (MIRR), although the textbook mainly focuses on net NPV and IRR. In a prior finance course, you might have learned how to calculate four of the six tools—NPV, IRR, PI, and PB. If not, then this will be new material for you. Crunching the numbers might seem by some to be the more crucial part—and it is indeed important.  However, interpreting and analyzing the answers are just as important. See if you can do this with the six capital budgeting tool answers that you will be computing in the following example.   Example Suppose you are thinking of acquiring either the ABC or the XYZ Company. Both have a purchase price of $500K so you cannot readily see which choice would be in your best interest. You also have a capital restraint of approximately $500K so you cannot purchase both entities. Thus, you provide your accountants and analysts with the historical financial details of both companies. They spend a few days forecasting 5 years of detailed financial statements based on how your company would operate these two corporations. The following are the results that ended with the projected 5-year net cash flow figures. Year 0 shows the initial cost outlay (or purchase price), and years 1 through 5 show the projected cash inflow if you make the purchase.  012345       ABC-500100200575325100       XYZ-50027525075250450 It is an interesting coincidence to note that if you total both rows for each company, they are the same.  However, you know that this does not matter in that comparing totals ignores the time value of money and is not a valid capital budgeting tool in making strategic decisions for your firm.Let’s first look at two of the more popular capital budgeting tools, NPV and IRR. As you are doing, you always look at the projected cash flows for each project—not net income. To compare the projects on equal terms, you bring back the future cash flows to the present, which is the present value concept. Then, you subtract the cost of that project from its present value—thus, NPV.Before you start this process, you need a discount rate—the interest rate used in the NPV formula. Sometimes it is called the hurdle rate or required rate of return. It is usually the cost of capital—sometimes with a risk factor added, if it is a risky project. The cost of capital is used because you want this project to at least make more than what capital is now costing you to run your business—otherwise, the project will lose the firm cash. In this example, you are using a discount rate of 10%. Thus, if your NPV is positive—it is a good project. If it is negative, it is considered a poor project. In comparing projects, you want to pick the one with the highest NPV.Net Present Value     ABC$472.28    XYZ$463.13     As you can see (you may check these figures with your spreadsheet program or financial calculator), ABC has a slightly higher NPV. Therefore, ABC would be your choice based on this one capital budgeting tool. You should note that NPV is considered the most superior capital budgeting tool.Now, how would you interpret or define your NPV answer? A textbook might define NPV as the present value of future cash returns, discounted at the appropriate interest rate, less the cost of the investment.  If you explain it that way to most people, they might give you a blank stare. Yes, you should pick ABC because its NPV is higher than XYZ.  However, here is the key interpretation that all will understand—ABC will be giving you, over 5 years, a current value cash return of approximately $472.3K above your 10% required rate of return. In other words, this project will not only meet your 10% required return, but it will give you an additional $472.3K.  The next question is, what total percentage return does the dollar amount represent? This is exactly what IRR tells you. The IRR calculations are as follows: Internal Rate of Return     ABC38.58%    XYZ40.01%Therefore, your total current valued percentage return on your investment for ABC = 38.58%. IRR is a percentage that will go with NPV most of the time. NPV told you to choose ABC Company. Your IRR computations are giving you conflicting directions telling you to choose XYZ Company. Consider that IRR can have two problem areas—more than one negative in the cash flow, or if there are large fluctuations in cash flows from year to year. Either of these two problems can result in non-accurate IRR answers. If you noticed, there were some large fluctuations in your cash flow. If you get an IRR decision that conflicts with NPV, you always choose the higher NPV.Here is an exercise to give you an idea of how NPV is related to IRR. Suppose you are using a discount rate of 10%. If you have an NPV of exactly $0, your IRR will be 10%. If your NPV is above $0, your IRR will be above 10%. If your NPV is below $0, your IRR will be below 10%. You can prove this by taking ABC’s IRR of 35.58% and using it as the discount rate in the NPV formula. Recalculate NPV using the 35.58% discount rate and you will get an NPV that is very close to $0.  You know that IRR can have its problems—this is why they came up with MIRR. MIRR solves the problems that may occur in IRR computations. MIRR can be calculated automatically with some financial calculators and it is also an fx function in Microsoft® Excel®. Here are the results of your example:Modified Internal Rate of Return    ABC25.65%    XYZ25.41%As you can see, MIRR’s capital budgeting decision matches that of the calculated NPV. Company ABC is slightly higher than company XYZ. You can also calculate MIRR using just the basic time value of money functions of a financial calculator. There is an example of this at the end of this document.PI is another tool. It goes together with NPV and never conflicts with NPV’s findings. The easiest way to calculate PI is as follows:PI = PV/ICO, that is, present value divided by the initial cost outlay. Most textbooks use this formula; however, some textbooks use the formula PI = NPV/ICO, PI = net present value divided by the initial cost outlay.The simplest way to get PV is after you have calculated NPV. PV = NPV + ICO. In your example using ABC company, it would be PV = 472.28 + 500 = 972.28. Now you can calculate PI = 972.28 / 500 = 1.94. Profitabilty Index    ABC       1.94      XYZ       1.93     Remember, PI is just an index number—anything 1.0 and higher is affirmation for the project you are evaluating. So the next question: If PI goes hand in hand with NPV, then why do you even need to calculate PI?PI is a type of ratio that gives the highest NPV per dollar of investment. PI comes more into play when you are comparing many projects. One textbook describes it as:The PI is sometimes used to rank projects even when there is no soft or hard capital rationing. In this case the unwary user may be led to favor small projects over larger projects with higher NPV’s. The PI was designed to select the projects with the most bang per buck—the greatest NPV per dollar spent. That is the right objective when bucks are limited. When they are not, a bigger bang is always better than a smaller one, even when more bucks are spent (Brealey, 1988, p. 201).PB method is the most inferior of all basic capital budgeting tools because it does not consider the time value of money—for example, if a project will cost $500 to start and is projecting $100 per year cash inflow for the first 10 years, then the payback period is 5.0 years—the amount of time it takes the cash inflow to pay for the original cash outflow or cost of the project. Of course, this ignores the time value of money treating a dollar in any future year the same in value as a dollar today. The decision-making criteria for the payback method is going with the project that pays off the initial cost outlay in less time. As you can see by the following calculations, you have another conflict. Your NPV indicated that company ABC is the correct choice; however, PB states that company XYZ is the choice.  You can see that not only does the PB method ignore the time value of money, but it also does not consider all years of the cash flow projection. For example, XYZ showed that its payback was in less than 2 years ignoring the last 3 years as being a factor. Note. There will be an example of an easy way to calculate PB at the end of this document.Payback Period    ABC2.35yrs     XYZ1.90yrsThe last tool to introduce is discounted payback period (DPB). While this method also ignores some of the future cash flow projections much like the PB method, it does consider the time value of money. The DPB is computed in a similar fashion as the PB method—the only difference is that the DPB method uses the discounted cash flow. As you can see in the following, factoring in the time value of money makes the decision in line with the NPV’s outcome—ABC is the choice!Discount Payback Period    ABC2.56yrs     XYZ2.77yrs The following is a quick glance summary of the capital budgeting tool answers—note that the preferred choice based on each capital budgeting tool’s criteria is highlighted:  ABC XYZNPV$472.28  $463.13 IRR38.58% 40.01%MIRR25.65% 25.41%PI1.94 1.93PB2.35yrs1.9DPB2.56yrs2.77 Remember that if there is any question as to the validity of the calculations, NPV should always be used as the final decision factor. Example MIRR Calculation Example and Hints Discount rate = 10% Projected Cash flow years          0       1       2       3       4       5 Project A                  (500)    45     55      65    175   185 First, you must take all of years (except year 0) out to year 5 using the future value function of your financial calculator. MIRR takes everything out to the future first before discounting it back tothe present. Take year 1 for example—to get this year’s value out to year 5, you must use the future value (FV) function: PV = 45 i = 10 n = 4 because it is 4 years to get to year 5 Solving for FV = 65.68 FV – YR5 = 185.00 FV – YR4 = 192.50 FV – YR3 = 78.65 FV – YR2 = 73.21 FV – YR1 = 65.88 Terminal value (total of years 1 through 5) = 595.24 Once this process has been done for each year, you add them to get what is called the terminal value. Now, you have all of the numbers to calculate MIRR: FV = 595.24 PV = (500.00) n = 5 Solving for i = 3.55% MIRR is 3.55%, which will almost always be more conservative than IRR. Of course, because MIRR is below your required rate of return, it is a thumbs-down on this project. Make sure that you calculate the above answer to see if you can come up with the same solution. Remember, always make sure your PV is entered as a negative, or you will get an error when solving for i. Payback Calculation Example and Hints Suppose you had 5 years of cash flow as follows (year 0 being the initial cost outlay): YR0 = -500   YR1 = 120   YR2 = 100  YR3 = 110  YR4 = 100  YR5 = 280 You would always start with the initial cost outlay and then subtract every year until you are at the last year that would put your total below zero: 500 – 120 – 100 – 110 – 100 = 70 The reason to not subtract year 5 is because that would put you below 0.Now you know that the payback is 4 full years plus a fraction. How do you find the fractional part of the 5th year? You take the leftover 70 and divide by the 280 in year 5—this gives you a fraction of .25. Therefore, the payback = 4.25 years. Note that discounted payback is calculated in the same manner, but the discounted cash flow would be used. Reference Brealey, R. A.,Myers, S. C., & Marcus,  (2007). Fundamentals of corporate finance (5th edition).New York, NY:McGraw-Hill International.

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