Wirback T, Möller J, Larsson JO, Galanti MR, Engström K. Social factors in childhood and risk of depressive symptoms among adolescents–a longitudinal study in Stockholm, Sweden. Int J Equity Health. 2014 Nov 11;13:96.

1) What are the main exposures of interest? What is the outcome? What is the study design?

2) What potential effect measure modifier(s) are the authors concerned about?

3) Summarize the findings of this study in your own words.

4) What “real mechanistic features in the causal framework(s)” could be potentially causing the differential effects the authors report on?

5) Table 4 shows the main exposures of interest by each category of the effect measure modifier. The authors calculated a “synergy index” which quantifies departure from additivity.

Here’s how synergy indices are calculated:

Synergy index = RR11 – 1
(RR10 – 1) + (RR01 -1)

Where:

RR11 = exposed to exposure AND effect modifier
RR10 = exposed to exposure but NOT effect modifier
RR01 = exposed to effect modifier but NOT exposure

1 is the null value for the synergy index. Values above 1 indicate synergy.

Show how the synergy index for “Parental employment status” was calculated.

6) Which exposures appear to have a statistically significant synergistic departure from additivity? (use Table 4)

7.) Examine whether there is multiplicative gender interaction with each of each social factors listed in Table 4. Show calculations state whether you think there is a departure from multiplicity, and if there is state whether you think it is synergistic or antagonistic.

8) The authors state: “Potential misclassification of outcome may have occurred because of inadequate ability among adolescents to recognize and report symptoms, and this misclassification might theoretically differ between socioeconomic groups but particular between boys and girls.” What phenomenon are they talking about here?

9) Do you have concerns about potential selection bias in this study?

10) Why did the authors adjust for gender in Tables 2 and 3?

Sample Solution

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Consider the corporation you have selected to use in your first three assignments. Identify one of the firm’s major competitors that you would consider working for.
Research the corporation on its own Website, the public filings on the Securities and Exchange Commission EDGAR database (http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml), in the University’s online databases, and any other sources you can find. The annual report will often provide insights that can help address some of these questions.
You will do a 15 minutes presentation to the Board of Directors of the corporation. Develop an eight to twelve slide PowerPoint presentation with speaker notes or record a video based upon Assignments 1 through 4. You may choose to compare your chosen corporation to a major competitor with whom you would like to work. You will make recommendations to the Board of Directors based upon your analysis and decision on why the corporation remains or is not a good fit for you.
Determine the impact of the company’s mission, vision, and primary stakeholders on its overall success as a competitive employer in the industry.

Create a SWOT analysis for the company to determine its major strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

Based on the SWOT analysis, outline a strategy for the company to capitalize on its strengths and opportunities, and minimize its weaknesses and threats.

Discuss the various levels and types of strategies the firm may use to maximize its competitiveness and profitability.

Outline a communications plan the company could use to make the strategies you recommend above known to all stakeholders.

Develop an executive-level PowerPoint presentation with 8 -12 slides with speaker notes and appropriate graphics or professional video.

Assess efforts by this corporation to be a responsible (ethical) corporate citizen and determine the impact these efforts (or lack thereof) have on the company’s bottom line. Provide specific examples to support your response.

Sample Solution

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