What are social determinants of health?  Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease

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What are social determinants of health?  Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease.  Describe the fundamental idea that the communicable disease chain model is designed to represent. Give an example of the steps a nurse can take to break the link within the communicable disease chain.

Resources within your text covering international/global health, and the websites in the topic materials, will assist you in answering this discussion question.

http://www.familiesusa.org/http://www.who.int/en/

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/notifiable/2017/

http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=39

(pls use any of the links provided. At least one of it and any others, also include in-text citation

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Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who were assigned a different patient case study

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Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who were assigned a different patient case study, and provide recommendations for alternative drug treatments to address the patient’s pathophysiology. Be specific and provide examples.

Main Post

Women’s and Men’s Health, Infectious Disease, and Hematologic Disorders

Patients today are much sicker than they used to be. The advanced practice nurse needs to manage all comorbidities in the plan of care. In this post, I will discuss the patient’s health care needs and a recommended treatment plan, including pharmacotherapeutic choices. Also, I will present an education strategy to assist the patient in managing their disease conditions. The patient has a history of hypertension, myocardial infarction, hyperlipidemia angina, and diabetes type two. Her needs center around the management of these comorbidities. Also, I noticed that her serum creatinine is on the high end of the range if not outside of it. This fact is not surprising considering her diabetes. The case reports that she was doing well until about a month ago. It was tempting to consider adding another medication to the regimen. However, I believe that either the metoprolol is not high enough to manage her current disease state or she has been missing doses, and I am leaning toward the latter. If withdrawn suddenly, the drug can increase the incidence and intensity of anginal attacks. Metoprolol is the first-line drug for stable angina and should be working (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018).

A review of her current drug therapy appears appropriate. Aspirin, simvastatin, and metformin are competent choices, and the doses are adequate. My plan would include an assessment of how she takes medication at home and manages them before making any changes. If this were in order, I would increase the metoprolol to 75 mg twice a day and set a follow-up appointment in two weeks. I prefer to increase the dose of metoprolol first before adding any new drug because of polypharmacy considerations, and the drug does not require renal adjustment (Epocrates, 2019). This fact is beneficial to consider because she has diabetes. Assuming that the patient has missed doses over the last month, the priority is to determine why. Costa et al. (2015) recommend explaining how to take medication, discussing reluctance to take drugs, and a conversation about the patient’s beliefs and knowledge about their health and treatment. I believe that this is a great strategy to use with the patient. Medication adherence is troubling and particularly so with the elderly who have multiple medications and conditions. I think it is essential for the patient and provider to be partners in the plan of care. The patient must agree to it and fully understand their conditions and the purpose of each medication.

References

Costa, E., Giardini, A., Savin, M., Menditto, E., Lehane, E., Laosa, O., … Marengoni, A. (2015). Interventional tools to improve          medication adherence: review of literature. Patient Preference And Adherence, 9, 1303–1314. doi:10.2147/PPA.S87551Epocrates. (2019). Metoprolol Tartrate Adult Dosing. Retrieved from https://online.epocrates.com/drugs/25501/metoprolol-        tartrate/Adult-DosingRosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers. St. Louis, MO:        Elsevier.

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o help your employees gain an overview of compliance and its importance, write a 2-3 page Overview of Compliance Plans paper for your two compliance plans. In your overview, state the purpose of your two compliance plans for your company

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Class: Regulation and Compliance

Title: Overview of Policy Planning

So, you are developing two compliance plans in a way that all employees will understand at a large medical facility where you are the Compliance Officer.

To help your employees gain an overview of compliance and its importance, write a 2-3 page Overview of Compliance Plans paper for your two compliance plans. In your overview, state the purpose of your two compliance plans for your company. Then, in terms that every employee will grasp, explain how all employees would benefit by supporting the key elements in every compliance plan – compliance standards, high-level responsibility (for each employee), education (about compliance), communication, monitoring/auditing, enforcement/discipline, and response/prevention.

Support your overview with at least three research sources outside of your required reading. Citations in APA format should be listed in a References Page at the end. Guidelines for APA are included under your Resources tab.

Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document.

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By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

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Introduction

Energy Alternatives Fracking

Energy Alternatives Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is a process used to extract natural gas from once unreachable shale rock layers deep in the earth. To release the natural gas, highly pressurized fracking fluids (water mixed with various chemicals and sand) are injected, via steel pipe, into the ground to create cracks or fractures. This releases gas that flows to the surface to be collected in wells. Environmental concerns associated with fracking include water use, toxic chemicals, health concerns, surface and ground water contamination, soil contamination, air quality, and waste disposal. One of the most important aspects of any energy policy is energy conservation. As consumer demand for oil drops, prices decline; the time the oil can be relied on is extended. To help reduce oil use, government regulations, NHTSA (2014), have required greater fuel efficiency in cars through the creation of the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. Congress has also required the phasing out of incandescent light bulbs in favor of the more energy efficient compact fluorescent bulbs. Like many new technologies, the upside of the compact fluorescent’s energy saving capacity is countered by the downside that compact fluorescents require the toxic chemical, mercury, for their production. There are many alternatives to using petroleum and coal for energy, but each comes with a unique set of problems. Most new technologies, like solar and wind power, are very costly to start up. Nuclear energy has its own unique drawbacks.

Using nuclear energy is attractive to many because the technology is already in place, and it can generate large amounts of electricity from one plant. But the risks associated with nuclear energy are high. For example, there is no current solution as to how to deal with nuclear waste. No matter how carefully a nuclear plant is built and maintained, there is always the risk of an accident. Further, nuclear plants can also be a target for terrorist activity, and the nuclear waste can be used to power nuclear weapons.

It is certain that we will see the emergence of new energy technology, but it seems unlikely at this point that there will be one simple answer. Wind, solar, and geothermal energy are useful in certain geographic areas, but it will take many different solutions to fulfill the energy demands of the worldwide population.

References

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2014). Energy in brief. Retrieved from http://www.eia.gov/ energy_in_brief/article/major_energy_sources_and_users.cfm

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). (2014). CAFE – Fuel economy. Retrieved from http://www.nhtsa.gov/fuel-economy

Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

  • Competency 1: Assess basic environmental health principles, theories, and issues.
    • Assess the economic issues associated with renewable energy technology.
  • Competency 2: Analyze the impact of contaminants in the environment to human health.
    • Analyze the risks to human health associated with renewable energy technology.
  • Competency 3: Apply personal and professional decisions based upon an understanding of environmental risks.
    • Illustrate the positives associated with renewable energy technology.
    • Illustrate the negatives associated with renewable energy technology.
  • Competency 4: Communicate effectively in a variety of formats.
    • Write coherently to support a central idea in appropriate format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics.

Preparation

Research a specific renewable source of energy.

Instructions

The purpose of this assessment is to evaluate alternative energy sources and to understand that there are positives and negatives to the alternatives.

To begin this assessment, research a specific renewable source of energy. Then, in a 3–4-page report, outline the pros and cons of this method of energy production. To build your argument and support your evaluation, address the following:

  • Identify and analyze the economic considerations (such as the cost per kilowatt for large-scale renewable energy source, costs of construction, and so forth) of using this method of energy production.
  • What are the environmental benefits of this energy source?
  • What are the environmental downsides, if any, to this renewable energy technology?
  • Analyze the risks to human health associated with this technology.
  • What conclusions have you reached with regards to this topic, and why?

Additional Requirements

Use the APA Paper Template (linked in Resources: Energy Sources) to format your report.

  • Written Communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
  • Length: This report should be 3–4 pages in content length. Include a separate title page and a separate references page.
  • Font and Font Size: Times New Roman, 12-point, double-spaced. Use Microsoft Word.
  • APA Formatting: Resources and in-text citations should be formatted according to the current APA style and formatting.
  • Number of Resources: You are required to cite a minimum of two scholarly resources. You may conduct independent research for resources and references to support your report. Provide a reference list and in-text citations for all your resources, using APA format. You may cite texts and authors from the Resources.

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