What were the causes of World War II?     The main cause of the European war was Hitler’s drive to create lebensraum or living space for Germans in Eastern Europe (Shubert, A. & Goldstein, R.J. 2012). Hitler wanted to expand his Aryan nation and needed more territory to ensure it reached its full potential. The Allied powers were appeasing Hitler up until the invasion of Poland which led to a declaration of war by France and Great Britain. In the Pacific, the Japanese empire began expanding before European powers were staged to begin their conflict. The Japanese were reliant on imports to drive their economy as they had no natural resources. They knew in order to become self-sufficient they would need to expand.  They began doing this in 1931 until their attack on Pearl Harbor which brought the US into the war. Had the US not cut off oil to the Japanese empire the US may not have gotten involved in the war.How did it differ from the First World War?The first World War began with the assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand, national alliances, and European expansionism. The second World War was different in the fact the continent was as a whole not prepared for a war. The Great Depression and economic issues were chocking European nations. To contrast with the first World War, most European nations were ready for a war and wanted one. The allies leading up to the second World War tried to prevent it as much as possible. By appeasing Hitler, they felt they could stop him from expanding too much. However, they were too soft on him and at the very end of the pre-war era, they tried to take a tough stance. Hitler did not budge, however. The second World War was about expanding empires, recovering national pride, and creating an Aryan living space. The first World War revolved around land grabbing which ended in little land actually being grabbed. In the Pacific, the Japanese empire seized territory for resources such as oil and rubber in addition to expanding their empire. However, their primary goal was to obtain enough land to be self-sufficient economically.What role did race, and ethnicity play in the conflict?     Race played a factor on both sides of the conflict. For the Axis powers, it was more apparent. The Nazis were exterminating Jews, blacks, homosexuals, and Slavs. His vendetta against these groups caused thousands to die. From occupied France to parts of occupied Russia the Germans executed their brutal ideology on occupied peoples. This played a huge role in how occupied nations were governed and order maintained. In the Pacific, the Japanese were massacring Chinese, Korean, and Indonesian people. The Japanese did not see these people as equal to them. So, anyone who resisted or was accused of resisting was killed. This continued throughout the war.  In Allied ranks, Segregation existed within the US, this carried over onto the battlefield. Entire regiments of troops were minorities. Separating fighting forces by race was a way to have minorities fight just not with their white counterparts. The Europeans even exhibited racial bias. In occupied nations, non-Jews were informing the Nazis about the location of their Jewish neighbors or Gypsy countrymen. This may not have been out of inherent hatred however it was seen by many as a means of survival.What role did women play in the war effort?Women played a major role in the war effort for both sides. When the war broke out it was apparent that it would not be a timely and decisive war that was hoped for. In allied nations men were drafted and sent off to fight. This left a labor shortage on the home front. The nation that faced this the most was the US. Great Britain did not experience this, and the French surrendered relatively quick. In the US and Soviet, Union women picked up the manufacturing jobs left behind by men sent off to fight. This led to women gaining respect for their proficiency and dedication to cause although it did little to fully place women on an even keel with men. Additionally, for American women, it changed the labor force for the future by adding and maintaining more women in the workplace after the war ended (Goldin 1991). In the Soviet, Union women did the same as in the US. Most Russian men were sent to the eastern front to fight the Nazis leaving nothing but women and children to fill the labor gap left by men. This was no issue for these women either as the survival of their nation was on the line. In Germany, women did not have to take on many more additional responsibilities than they had in the prewar period. Germany supplemented its labor force with slave labor from occupied nations. This alleviated the stress on German citizens and allowed the people not fighting to maintain some semblance of a normal life.How did World War II end?By late 1943 The Italians were effectively out of the war and eventually turned on Germany and declared war on it after the arrest of Mussolini. The German military was fighting a war on three fronts. One in western Europe, one in Italy, and the massive eastern front. For Germany, the war came to a slow and then sudden end. The loss of Stalingrad solidified Germany’s fate. The German army was all but decimated or captured. This led to the German army retreating for the last portion of the war. With D-Day the allied push into western Europe caused Hitler to split his resources between the two major fronts. This led to an even faster deterioration of the German military situation. This led to the end of World War Two in Europe. In the Pacific, the Battle of Midway began the downfall of the Japanese Empire which culminated in the dropping of the two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.What effect did the War have on European society and culture?The effects of the war on European society were immense and had major implications that last to the present day. Before the war Europeans believed the First World War was the war to end all wars. This shattered any such future mindset, it also showed Europeans the League of Nations were powerless to prevent the war. This led to the creation of a stronger body the United Nations. With this a mindset of pacifism set into European society. We saw the decolonization of the French and British empires and an end to European imperialism. Europeans could not afford another war, nor did they have the desire to. Europeans did join together with the United States to create the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) out of fear of a Soviet invasion. Europeans wanted to remain peaceful and repair after the war. German society had to recover from the horrors of the war and the ideology it taught. This was difficult and took many generations to do.ReferencesShubert, A. & Goldstein, R.J. (2012). Twentieth-century Europe [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.Goldin, C. D. (1991). The role of world war II in the rise of women’s employment. The American Economic Review, 81(4), 741-756. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/docview/233045964?accountid=32521

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Unit 2 Assignment InformationGreetings!Since we don’t have a seminar tonight and I won’t have an opportunity to “discuss” the paper with you, I wanted to provide you with some early guidance, so you will have ample time to ask questions, if needed.Based on feedback from students last term, I have added my personal notes to the standard rubric. In addition, I have created an “assignment guide” – somewhat like a template. Each contain essentially the same information but in different formats.My goal is for each of you to do exceedingly well on these papers! My recommendation is that you get started on the introduction ASAP – this will allow you time to write a great goal to maximize organizational performance through leadership. Next, locate the research and other sources you desire to use and “map” them to the various sections of the paper. The way this is organized, you should be able to write about the various topics independently … or a little each day. Allow time for the research portion to “soak in” and then you will be ready for the analysis followed by your recommendation.Please let me know if you have any questions!RebeccaUnit 2 – Assignment 1: Focus PaperWrite a seven to nine (7–9) page paper (2000–2500 words), not including the title and reference pages, explaining the leadership necessary to accomplish business goals and maximize organizational performance that includes the following: Introduction to specific business      and organizational performance goals you desire to achieve through      leadership. Discussion of the behaviors,      skills, and attitudes necessary for effective leadership. Research on charismatic,      transformational, contingency, and situational leadership. Selection of two of the researched      leadership theories and analysis of the ability of those leadership styles      and approaches to accomplish the goals as stated in the introduction. Be      sure to connect the research to the analysis. Based on the analysis, provide a      recommendation for the leadership style most appropriate for achieving the      business and organizational performance goals identified in the      introduction. Connecting the research to the recommendations will make      them stronger. Conclusion should summarize the      primary points of the paper and bring forward a call to action. The Assignment will be evaluated using the Unit 2 Assignment Grading Rubric. Therefore, please ensure it is written with proper grammar, in APA format (including clear section headings), and includes a minimum of four cited and referenced resources—at least two of which must be peer reviewed (scholarly) journal articles. The overall point distribution for the Assignment will be as follows: 50% (75 points): Content, focus,      use of research, and organization 30% (45 points): Analysis and critical      thinking 20% (30 points): Writing style,      grammar, APA format Submit the Focus Paper to the Unit 2: Assignment 1 Dropbox. This Assignment is due by the end of Unit 2—Tuesday, 11:59 p.m. ET.Specific assignment rubric with Professor Rebecca’s notes for greatest success:  Focus Paper: Write a seven to nine (7 – 9) page paper   (2000 – 2500 words), not including the title and reference pages, explaining   the leadership necessary to accomplish business goals and maximize   organizational performanceAssessment: GB600-1: Explain the leadership necessary to accomplish business   goals and maximize organizational performance. Grading CriteriaPoints PossiblePoints Earned &   Comments Content, focus, use of research, organization· Response   successfully answers the Assignment question(s); thoroughly uses the text and   other literature. Includes a strong thesis statement, introduction, and   conclusion. The main points of the paper are developed clearly. All arguments   are supported well (no errors in logic) using outside sources as assigned.· Sources   are primarily academic journals, with thoughtful use web sources. References   are applied substantively to the paper topic. Skillfully addresses   counter-arguments and does not ignore data contradicting its claim. Refers to   sources both in-text and in the reference page.75 points (50%) Introduction to   specific business and organizational performance goals you desire to achieve   through leadership.Note: Please be specific … think in terms of larger   goals, those for the department or the business overall; how can having the   right leadership help achieve that?8 Discussion of the   behaviors, skills, and attitudes necessary for effective leadership. Note: Important that you address all THREE … 6 points   each. Good place to bring in outside, reliable articles. OK to use text as   well. Scholarly not required but   sometimes helpful.18 Research on the   charismatic, transformational, contingency, and situational leadership   theories.Note: Important that you address all FOUR … 8 points   each! Focus on the organizational effectiveness aspects of each theory.   Example – How do they affect behavior or performance? This is the primary   “research portion,” be sure to use peer reviewed articles to demonstrate your   current research.32 Conclusion should   summarize the primary points of the paper and bring forward a call to action.   Note: Summarize but really focus on ACTION to move to   next level.5 Integration of   appropriate outside resources – including in-text citations throughout with a   corresponding item on reference list. A minimum of four resources required.   At least two resources must be from peer reviewed (scholarly) journals.Note: Please be sure to include in-text citations in   all ‘sections’ of the paper. Text is ok as one, but it should not be your   primary source of citations. Peer reviewed journal article citations are   required for the research section.12 Analysis and critical thinking· Response   exhibits strong higher-order critical thinking and analysis (e.g.,   evaluation). Paper shows original thought.· Analysis   includes proper classifications, explanations, comparisons, and inferences.· Critical   thinking includes appropriate judgments, conclusions, and assessment based on   evaluation and synthesis of information.45 points (30%) Selection of two of   the researched leadership theories and analysis of the ability of those   leadership styles and approaches to accomplish the goals as stated in the   introduction. Be sure to connect the research to the analysis.Note: Think about a FUNNEL approach … you have   researched four theories, now, it is required that you select TWO of the four   (charismatic, transformational, contingency, and situational leadership   theories) to ANALYZE who well they can achieve the goal that was identified   in the introduction. Must include   citations to be eligible for full points.25 Based on the analysis,   provide a recommendation for the leadership style most appropriate for   achieving the business and organizational performance goals identified in the   introduction. Connecting the research to the recommendations will make them   stronger.Note: Continue the FUNNEL approach … you have just   analyzed two of the four theories, now, select single the “best” theory that   will most likely contribute to achieving the goal from the introduction. Must   include citations to be eligible for full points.20 Writing style, grammar, APA format· Appropriate   to the Assignment, fresh (interesting to read), accurate, (no far-fetched,   unsupported comments), precise (say what you mean), and concise (not wordy).· Grammatical   skills are strong with typically less than one error per page. Project is   free of serious errors; grammar, punctuation, and spelling help to clarify   the meaning by following accepted conventions.· Project   is in 12-point font. Narrative sections are double-spaced. Correct use of APA   for citations and references. Title page present and accurate.30 points (20%) Writing style10 Grammar and mechanics   – including section headings:IntroductionContentAnalysisRecommendationsConclusionReferencesNote: Please see sample organization below AND the   Assignment Guide10 Formatting and use of   APA10 Total150 pointsSample Section Headings/Organization:IntroductionNecessities for Effective LeadershipLeadership TheoriesCharismaticTransformationalContingencySituationalAnalysis of Two Leadership Theories for Organizational PerformanceRecommendationConclusionPlease use the template that I have attach .

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