DISCUSSION 1 Assignment DetailsThis assignment has 4 parts: Thinking about your favorite company, compile a list of at least 3 competitors within the same industry. What organizational changes have the companies made in the last five years? What do you believe prompted those changes? In looking back at the changes the companies made, what do you believe would have happened if the employees would have resisted the change? What steps should a company take to minimize the risk of resistance to change by the employees?READ AND REPLY TO EACH REPLY BY AGREEING OR DISAGREEING AND WHY?REPLY 1  Thinking about your favorite company, compile a list of at least 3 competitors within the same industry.My favorite company is “The Hersey Company. This company has been around since 1886 by a great pioneer by the named of Milton S. Hershey who was known for his kind spirit and his genuinely just wanted to find a way to make as many people happy as possible and he did that with the most famous chocolate in the world. By him breaking ground in chocolate business he paved the way for his competitors such as Mars inc, Mondelez international, and nestle. Even though Mr. Hersey made way they found that they will never be as huge as Hersey company. So they need to find other way to made themselves know other than just their chocolate to even be in the same ball park as Hersey. What organizational changes have the companies made in the last five years? What do you believe prompted those changes?Some of the changes that these company have made is last five years are that they are having to reinvent them self and introduce new candies into the candy world such as gummies, jellies, chew, fruit snacks, and even jelly beans. The reason for this is because even though their candy is amazing in their own way. This is a ear that new thing are coming out every day and they are trying to find ways to stay ahead of the market and being in the demand of the people. In looking back at the changes, the companies made, what do you believe would have happened if the employees would have resisted the change?I honest think that is the employees resisted the change the company would have went down like a sinking ship and the reason for it is because to be in supply you need the demand and the only way to get that is give great product and something someone will wont over other companies for example jelly beans, first they came out with just plain jelly beans and the someone else came out with different flavors like butter popcorn, and cotton candy which are flavor that kids love, them someone was like hey let go a step more ahead let’s bring a jelly bean taste game with weird taste like dirty socks. Just to be able to play prank on each other which do you think the kids would want to buy. What steps should a company take to minimize the risk of resistance to change by the employees? A huge step that company should talk to minimize risk is ask what are some of their ideas make them feel as if they was in the choice and that way they will be excited to help make the changes .REPLY2 Thinking about your favorite company, compile a list of at least 3 competitors within the same industry. My favorite company would have to be Wal-Mart. I will go to that store for any and everything. Three competitors within the same industry are: Kroger, Amazon, CVS Pharmacy.What organizational changes have the companies made in the last five years? What do you believe prompted those changes? Kroger has made a few changes as well. Besides the great 5 for 5 deals and coupons in the mail. They have now upgraded to online coupons as well and site to store grocery shop. The have an app you can shop from home, grocery included and pick up from the store with no hassle of waiting lines and wasting a lot of time. Amazon has many of changes Amazon Prime is an example. You can use this feature to allow you to receive discounts and faster arrival of your products. CVS has many changes I have notice they have phones and new computer screens that allow you to send money to a love one or pay online bills. I think that is convenient for customers who don’t want to go a bigger store like Walmart for instance.  I believe that the feedback from customers was a little help in the changes from each one of the industries. When one company does something that bring more money into the company, most likely the next company will see how it benefits them and do the same to make just as much money. So, feedback from customers and employees will help with the changes in the company.In looking back at the changes, the companies made, what do you believe would have happened if the employees would have resisted the change? If the employees resist the change it could lead to the company not making the change on time or firing a lot of employees, hiring new one, and training them to do the same as the old employees also take times. This may lead to pushing project dates back not a good look for the company. If the managers and supervisors communicate with the employees before, during, and through the change this may be prevented.What steps should a company take to minimize the risk of resistance to change by the employees? Steps you could used to minimize change are understanding, encouraging, listening, engaged, identify, and help. Theses steps can help with the resistance to change with the employees.DISCUSSION 2 Assignment DetailsThis DB has three parts.  A key characteristic of an effective manager is good interpersonal skills.  Among the interpersonal skills that must be built are: motivation, communication, effective confrontation, coaching and development.  Describe the importance of each of these interpersonal skills for a manager. A commonly used acronym for goal setting is SMART.  Goals must be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound.  Describe a professional goal that you have set listing how it fits into the SMART categories. Describe how the decisions managers make differ based on the level of the position such as supervisor, mid-level manager and senior manager.READ AND REPLY TO EACH REPLY BY AGREEING OR DISAGREEING AND WHY?REPLY 1 Assignment DetailsThis DB has three parts.  A key characteristic of an effective manager is good interpersonal skills.  Among the interpersonal skills that must be built are: motivation, communication, effective confrontation, coaching and development.  Describe the importance of each of these interpersonal skills for a manager. A commonly used acronym for goal setting is SMART.  Goals must be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound.  Describe a professional goal that you have set listing how it fits into the SMART categories. Describe how the decisions managers make differ based on the level of the position such as supervisor, mid-level manager and senior manager.In my opinion there are many reasons why motivation is important in being an effective manager. Being highly motivated will allow the team to meet certain standards and goal for the company. Working with motivated employees can be contagious and lead to an increased productivity and allow the company to excel in many different ways. I personally enjoy working with motivated people it makes me feel good and gives me the urge to be more successful. Communication is another very important factor you have to take under consideration. Effective communication reflects on how well of a manager you are; being able to plan, organize, and control information throughout your employees will make the job easier. This also allows the leadership of and organization or business show their visions and strategy. Good communication also help improve the morale as well as increase commitment. Effective confrontation is not as hard as some people make it out to be. Being able to tackle the issue or problems after the parties have settled down would be your best outcome. Sitting them down to talk about the issue before it escalates have been proven to be very effective. Keep a positive outlook on the situation and make sure to be a good listener and always ask for their opinions. Coaching is a very important management skill that needs to be mastered. In today’s business field managers are encouraged and sometimes expected to develop themselves as leaders and have excellent coaching skills to effectively manage their team.  A personnel goal that I have set for myself was going back to school and achieving a bachelor’s degree. Using the S.M.A.R.T setting would be making the goal simple and specific. With that being said I choose a degree that I was interested in and applied to a school that fit my needs and wants. Measurable, track my progress in school and stay motivated to finish strong. Achievable, set standards and realistic goals in order to achieve the overall goal of graduating. Relevant, making sure taking on school is the right thing for me to do. The process to further my education is what I want to do and stay focused on the objective. Time bound, setting a target on when I should finish my courses in a timely manner. Keeping a calendar and marking off classes once they are finished will help you track the time of progress.Supervisors are usually know as the first management level jobs. He/she is usually is responsible for a small group of employees that do the similar job as one another. Supervisors are supposed to have more experience in the job than the other employees. They also handle problem solving, schedules, work assignments, keeping the team motivated, and well trained. Mid-level managers are responsible for managing their supervisors. Making sure they are well informed of the goals that are needed to be met for the company or business. Mid-level managers have almost the same responsibilities as the supervisors but have additional responsibilities for personnel and HR duties. They also tend to have a minimum of 2-6 years of job experience. Senior management duties and responsibilities similar to the other level managers but also oversee administrative and functional direction of group of employees. Senior level tend to have more authority on financial decisions and responsible for group training.REPLY 2 Managers that have good interpersonal skills, such as motivation, communication, effective confrontation, coaching and development skills are assets to a company.  Motivation can be a difficult for some, due to individual needs of employees, but once a manager understands how to motivate their staff both parties benefit.  Motivation leads to employees being more committed to the company, as well as they experience higher employee satisfaction.  Production and efficiency are increased as a result (Bessell. I., Dicks, B., et al, n.d.).Managers that have the ability to communicate with their staff are considered more credible.  This allows for relationships to improve between the 2 and creates a more productive team (Heibutzki, R., 2018). Effective confrontation is not an easy skill to master, but higher employee morale and stronger risk management skills are a couple of benefits that managers will experience once they do.  Learning to communicate issues that are perceived as negative in a way that allows both parties to voice their sides makes for stronger workplace structure.  Coaching and development skills are also important skills for managers to have because it helps organizations meet their business goals.  It also helps to build working relationships that enable a company to keep strong team members from moving to a competitor (Weintraub, J. & Hunt, J., 2015).A professional goal that I have set is gaining additional knowledge on how to be a better supervisor.  This goal can be achieved by attending training classes that are offered by my employer.  Also, weekly meetings with upper management allows for me to run ideas by them as well as they provide an overview of what has been working and what hasn’t.  This is a realistic goal due to the training is offered monthly as well as getting on the job training at the same time.  I can immediately use what is discussed in training with my staff.  This particular goal does need to be meet in the near future in order to keep the individuals that make up the team engaged, and motivated. Different levels of management are responsible for varies decisions that are made in an organization.  Senior or upper management are tasked with setting company wide goals and objectives. They are also responsible for setting strategic plans that will be utilized to meet their goals.  Mid-level managers are responsible for decisions that initiate and evaluating the plans that upper management has set.  They are also conveying information between the different levels.  Supervisors or low-level management deal with day-to-day tasks.  These are departmental management that ensures that daily routines are being set to meet company goal and also helps foster work relationships with staff (Johnson, S., 2018).References:Bessell, I., Dicks, B., et al. (n.d.). Understanding motivation: an effective tool for managers. University of Florida. Retrieved from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hr017Heibutzki, R. (2018, June 27). Why is effective communication important in management?  Small Business. Chron. Retrieved from https://work.chron.com/effective-communication-important-management-27001.htmlJohnson, S. (2018, June 30). Levels of management decision making. Small Business. Chron. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/levels-management-decision-making-58222.htmlWeintraub, J. and Hunt, J. (2015, May 29). 4 reasons managers should spend more time on coaching. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved fromhttps://hbr.org/2015/05/4-reasons-managers-should-spend-more-time-on-coaching

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FIRST PAPERModule 2 – CaseCRITICALLY REVIEWING A RESEARCH ARTICLECase Assignment Begin Module 2 by first viewing the webinar, Critiquing a Research Article. Read the two articles on critiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Research.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWIeIdsmMHQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTgsuU9ROLw  After completing steps 1 and 2, use the same topic that you selected in Module 1 and identify a qualitative and a quantitative research article.Assignment ExpectationsUsing the information in the webinar and articles, write a 1-page critique of the Qualitative article and a 1-page critique of the Quantitative article. All references should be from a publication no more than three years old  (2013 to current).SECOND PAPER 1 PAGEModule 2 – SLPCRITICALLY REVIEWING A RESEARCH ARTICLEEditorial #1:Getting Rid of Gun ControlVirginia finally is poised to repeal its unusual law that prohibits law-abiding citizens from buying more than one gun per month.It’s about time, because the red tape has not had the desired effect in lowering crime. There is no academic research by criminologists or economists that shows that one-gun-a-month regulations reduce crime in either the states that pass them or their neighbors. The laws have merely inconvenienced honest Americans who want to buy guns. Besides Virginia, only Maryland, California and New Jersey still have these laws. South Carolina was the first state to adopt the restrictions in 1976 but repealed the limit in 2004. New Jersey has had the law on the books for less than two months now. Contrary to the nanny-state notion that gun control is good, gun limitations are actually harmful. The book “The Bias Against Guns” shows that one-gun-a-month rules significantly reduce the number of gun shows, because they reduce the number of sales that can occur. For the same reason, it’s likely the regulation reduces the number of gun dealers. The reduction in legal sources to buy guns can raise the cost of law-abiding citizens buying guns relative to criminals, and thus disarm good people relative to criminals. The book “More Guns, Less Crime,” the only peer-reviewed research on one-gun-a-month restrictions, from the University of Chicago Press, shows the laws either have no effect or a detrimental effect on violent crime. The Brady Campaign claims that Virginia’s one-gun-a-month law reduced the number of crime guns traced to Virginia dealers, but it provides no link to crime rates, which is ultimately the bottom line. If people around the nation’s capital should understand anything, it is how hard it is to keep criminals from getting guns. The District of Columbia banned handguns entirely, and murder rates still soared. Criminals got a hold of guns despite the law, because by nature they don’t care about breaking laws, and they can’t buy guns legally anyway. The question ought to be focused on whom these laws prevent from getting guns, and the evidence is that law-abiding citizens are the ones who are stopped. One-gun-a-month rules are similar to gun bans and waiting periods, which tend to disarm victims relative to criminals, and therefore, increase crime. If possible, it’s a good idea to keep guns from criminals, but laws that make it more difficult for law-abiding citizens to get guns relative to criminals cause more harm than good. In the case of the right to keep and bear arms, safety and freedom go together. —Washington Times, February 19, 2010 ————————————————-Editorial #2:Firearms Still Easily AvailableThree years have passed since the massacre at Virginia Tech that took the lives of 32 innocent people, including my sister Reema. I look back over the past 1,097 days since my sister died and wonder how it is still legal for criminals and people with serious mental illness to buy guns without passing a background check. Reema was killed because of a gap in Virginia’s gun background check system that allowed a mentally ill man to buy weapons. Even though a court determined that he was mentally ill and therefore prohibited from purchasing and possessing guns, his record of mental illness was not in the background check system. Thankfully, following recommendations of the Virginia Tech review panel, action was taken at the state and federal level to help get missing mental health and criminal records into the background check system. The number of mental health records submitted to the federal instant background check system has tripled from 298,571 (as of Dec. 31, 2006) prior to the Virginia Tech massacre to 932,559 (as of March 31, 2010). Unfortunately, the problem doesn’t end there. Criminals, the mentally ill, and even terrorists are still able to purchase firearms from gun shows with no background check whatsoever. Federal law requires every licensed gun dealer to conduct criminal background checks on all purchasers. But dealers without licenses are selling guns at gun shows without these checks. According to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), 30 percent of guns in federal illegal trafficking investigations are connected to gun shows. This Gun Show Loophole is exploited by criminals and those who know they cannot pass a background check. Last May, I went to a gun show in Richmond to see for myself. I bought 10 guns in less than one hour. No background check. No identification. No questions asked. It was as easy as buying a bag of chips at a grocery store; simple cash and carry. Luckily, I’m not a criminal. What’s clear is that anyone, even criminals, can go to any gun show and buy an unlimited number of guns, without undergoing a background check. It’s hard to believe, but it’s true. And there’s nothing to stop them from doing it over and over again. Three years have passed and the Gun Show Loophole still remains intact. The solution is simple: Congress should pass legislation to require background checks for all sales at gun shows. Sen. Jim Webb and Sen. Mark Warner, the families of the Virginia Tech victims and survivors are counting on your leadership. Closing the loophole will not affect the Second Amendment rights of law-abiding gun owners. But it will help ensure that guns do not end up in the hands of people who, because they are a danger to society, have lost the right to own them. In May 2009 my father and I, and several other Virginia Tech family members, met with Sen. Webb to ask for his support for legislation to close the Gun Show Loophole. What impressed us was how seriously he took the issue and his promise to work in Congress to fix this problem. It has been almost 11 months since that meeting, three years since the tragedy at Virginia Tech, and no action has been taken to move this lifesaving legislation forward. I hope that all Virginians will stand with the families of the Virginia Tech victims and survivors in calling on Sens. Webb and Warner to get behind this effort. Closing the Gun Show Loophole won’t bring my sister Reema back, or any of the other victims of the mass shooting at Virginia Tech. But it would save an untold number of innocent lives. It’s been three years. The time to act is now. Sen. Webb and Sen. Warner, what are you waiting for? —Richmond Times-Dispatch, April 20, 2010 ————————————————-Editorial #3:Virginia Handgun Law: Don’t Reopen the Pipeline of GunsSeventeen years ago, pressured by its neighbors to stem the flow of guns into the Northeast, Virginia enacted a bipartisan bill that limited the purchase of handguns to one every 30 days. Virtually overnight, experts say, the “Iron Pipeline” slowed and the number of guns used in crimes in New Jersey and traced to Virginia fell sharply. But now a Virginia legislator wants to turn his state back into one of New Jersey’s leading arsenals. A bill proposed by L. Scott Lingamfelter, a Republican, has cleared the House of Delegates, with mostly Republican support, and is headed for the state Senate, which is controlled by Democrats. There the bill’s chances are uncertain, but if it passes, Gov. Bob McDonnell intends to sign it. Virginia’s gun-running days could be back again. Lingamfelter, a retired Army colonel, insists Virginians’ Second Amendment rights are being restricted. The current law “rations constitutional rights,” he says; “It hasn’t reduced crime. It has reduced commerce.” Lingamfelter says the National Instant Check System, which wasn’t around in 1993, can keep felons from purchasing guns. Maybe, but many of the guns that end up in New Jersey are purchased by “straw buyers” — people with valid Virginia drivers licenses who act as purchasing agents for a fee. New Jersey officials — from U.S. senators to police chiefs — are wondering what Virginia lawmakers are thinking. In a gun-trafficking study of 2008, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives determined that, even with the reduced flow, Virginia still ranked third among outside states providing guns used in New Jersey crimes. Repealing Virginia’s firearm law will mean hundreds more guns on New Jersey streets each year, many married to a violent, criminal intent. To argue that the law is an onerous burden on law-abiding gun buyers is silly. Virginians can buy 12 guns a year. How many do they need? —Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ), February 22, 2010 LITERATURE REVIEW WORKSHEET #2:GUN CONTROL AND VIRGINIA Which of the three articles was the most persuasive? Why? Which of the three articles was the least persuasive? Why?Are there any important issues regarding gun control that are not covered by these three pieces, but that you would write about if you were addressing this topic?

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