Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the coexistence of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Compare emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

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Mucor is a fungus, a specie of moulds commonly found in the soil, plant surfaces, rotten foods and in the digestive system. (Mucor- Wikipedia).
Pathophysiology:  Fungus usually affect people whose immune system has been compromised/weakened by other health conditions, healthy people can also be affected. It mostly affects the sinuses or the lungs by inhalation of the fungal pores in the air. It can also enter through an impaired skin integrity such as cuts, scrapes, burns or trauma. (Mucormycosis|Fungal Disease|CDC, 2015). Reactivation of latent infection can also, result in fungal pneumonia. Once the fungi is in the alveoli it can travel in the spaces between the cells and adjacent alveoli via connecting pores. Invasion of the fungi in the alveoli triggers the immune response to send out neutrophils from WBCs to attack the microorganism. The neutrophils destroy the attacking organism but then release cytokines in that process leading to general activation of immune system causing the fever, fatigue and chiles noted in fungal or bacterial pneumonia. The alveoli is then filled up with the fluid leaked from surrounding blood vessels and neutrophils causing an impairment in gas exchange. (Fungal Pneumonia-Wikipedia).

Comment2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the coexistence of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Compare emphysema and chronic bronchitis. What are the hallmark assessment findings for each? What should your patient teaching include? How does COPD affect the hematologic system? Describe the pathophysiology.



Describe how you would assure that your selected communication strategy is demonstrating appropriate cultural competence for this population

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There are many news items published every day that relate to infectious disease, including updates on infectious disease incidence and prevalence, newly emerging or resurging  disease outbreaks, scientific breakthroughs, and research study findings. When communicating information about infectious disease, it is important to consider culture and the appropriate strategies for engaging and communicating with diverse populations.  
              In this Assignment, you will a find a current news item on an infectious disease topic and prepare a paper describing the importance of cultural competence in communicating public health information about the risks associated with the infectious agent in the selected news item, and a strategy to communicate the risk of the infectious agent to a specific cultural group.

Find a news item published in the last 30 days that interests you and that relates to the public health burden of infectious disease. Research the pathophysiology and epidemiology of the infectious disease and a population that may be disproportionally impacted by this disease. Prepare a 4 to 5 page paper that includes the following: 

An APA style title page, including your name, date, course and section, and title 
APA style headings for each section below

Describe the cause of the infectious disease that is in the news item you chose (identify the organism, route of infection, host or environment, person to person transmission, vectors, etc) 
Describe the health risk from this infectious disease (morbidity, mortality, outcomes) and how it may be prevented
Describe the overall importance of cultural competence in communicating public health content. Support your answer 
Choose a specific cultural group that may be disproportionally impacted by this disease and explain what you believe is the most effective way to communicate risk and prevention information related to the organism and provide examples 
Describe how you would assure that your selected communication strategy is demonstrating appropriate cultural competence for this population 

Cite the sources within your text in APA style 
Include an APA formatted reference list at the end of your paper. 

Note: The title page and References page do not count towards the paper’s page requirement.



Explain how diuretics, receptor antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme antagonists, and angiotensin receptor antagonists reduce blood pressure in individuals with primary hypertension.

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CLINICAL CASE DECISION INSTRUCTIONS

Your comments should be substantiated and substantive. Postings require two citations from 1 scholarly journal and/or 1 outside textbook. Textbooks assigned to this course may be used for an additional citation only.   
Each of the two references must be from a different reference source.
To gain full credit for the assignment, the response must be a full page, but no more than three (3) pages in length, which includes the reference list.
Students are required to use APA format, proper citations, and references.  Students using direct quotes from referenced sources in the body of the paper must include quotations.
Students will be assigned to a question.

Clinical Decision Case study.
Begin with a Head-Toe assessment, you decide if it should be treated as episodic with rationale.
You have been assigned two (2) cases to provide analysis. All cases should include the following
a. Pathophysiology and pharmacology of the disease
b. Expected signs and symptoms of the disease.
c. Nursing Diagnosis with a plan of care.
d. All questions pertaining to the case as listed under each case. 
You have been assigned two (2) cases to provide analysis. 
C1.  Mr. Bush, a 45-year-old middle school teacher arrives at the emergency department by EMS ground transport after he experienced severe mid-sternal chest pain at work. On arrival to the ED,
a.  What priority interventions you would initiate?
b. What information would you require to definitively determine what was causing Mr. Bush’s chest pain?
C2. Explain how diuretics, receptor antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme antagonists, and angiotensin receptor antagonists reduce blood pressure in individuals with primary hypertension.



Discuss possible factors that may have been responsible for the development of the stone and use this case to show how the patient’s diet and water intake can help analyze the composition of the calculi.

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A 45-year-old grocery sales clerk has been suffering from bouts of severe pain in his left flank region. He blamed it on prolonged standing for 8 hours straight while working. He was taking over-the-counter pain medications for his pain. One day, he found fresh blood in his urine. He went to a doctor who performed urine tests, CT scans, and x-rays. He was diagnosed with urinary calculi.
Discuss possible factors that may have been responsible for the development of the stone and use this case to show how the patient’s diet and water intake can help analyze the composition of the calculi.

What would be the test results of his white blood cells, blood calcium levels, CT scan, and x-ray?

Suggest the best treatment for the patient and a plan to prevent recurrence post-treatment.
submit your responses to the above questions in a two- to three-page Word document.
Assignment 2 Case B Grading Criteria Maximum Points
Discussed factors that may have been responsible for the development of the stone. 8
Demonstrated how the patient’s diet and water intake can help analyze the composition of the calculi. 4
Discussed the results of the patient’s white blood cells, blood calcium levels, CT scan, and x-ray. 4
Suggested best treatment for the patient. 4
Suggested a plan to prevent the recurrence of calculi, once it is treated. 4
Participated in the discussion by drawing conclusions about the results of others’ research, specifically, and by asking questions, providing statements of clarification, providing points of view with rationale, challenging points of discussion, or making relationships between one and more points of the discussion. 12
Adhered to the page limit. 4
Applied APA standards for writing style. 4
Total: 44