Weight Status and Pregnancy

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Case Studies Chapter 15
Case Study: Weight Status and Pregnancy
Sadie is a 37-year-old teacher in her 20th week of pregnancy. She is 68 inches tall and weighs 195 pounds. Her pre-pregnancy weight was 180 pounds. She gained 50 pounds with her first pregnancy two years ago. Her doctor has recommended that she limit her weight gain this pregnancy. She likes to swim but has not been exercising regularly since she found out she was pregnant. She has had morning sickness through much of this pregnancy and says that she feels better when she eats starchy foods such as bread, potato chips, and pasta. She complains of recent problems with constipation and is seeking ways to relieve this discomfort.
1. Calculate Sadie’s body mass index (BMI) based on her pre-pregnancy weight. Based on her weight status and information in Table 15-1, how much weight is Sadie recommended to gain during her pregnancy?
2. Using the charts in Figure 15-6, evaluate Sadie’s weight gain at this point in her pregnancy. How does it compare to what is recommended?
3. What medical complications of pregnancy are associated with being overweight or obese? Describe risks for the mother and the infant.
4. What would you tell Sadie about the benefits of water exercises during pregnancy? What precautions would you give her about other water-related activities during pregnancy? Explain.
5. What are some strategies presented in this chapter that would help alleviate Sadie’s constipation as well as improve her nutritional status during this pregnancy?

Management science techniques focus primarily on observation, model construction and implementation to find an appropriate solution to a problem.

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Question 1

Management science techniques focus primarily on observation, model construction and implementation to find an appropriate solution to a problem.

Question 2

In linear programming problems, multiple optimal solutions occur when constraints are parallel to each other.

Question 3

A change in the value of an objective function coefficient will always change the value of the optimal solution.

Question 4

Fractional relationships between variables are not permitted in the standard form of a linear program.

Question 5

In a total integer model, all decision variables have integer solution values.

Question 6

In a transshipment problem, items may be transported from destination to destination and from source to source.

Question 7

The events in an experiment are mutually exclusive if only one can occur at a time.

Question 8

The minimax criterion minimizes the maximum payoff.

Question 9

Excel can be used to simulate systems that can be represented by both discrete and continuous random variables.

Question 10

Adjusted exponential smoothing is an exponential smoothing forecast adjusted for seasonality.

Question 11

Which of the following is an equation or an inequality that expresses a resource restriction in a mathematical model?

Question 12

If the price decreases but fixed and variable costs do not change, the break even point:

Question 13

A slack variable:

Question 14

Cully furniture buys 2 products for resale: big shelves (B) and medium shelves (M). Each big shelf costs $500 and requires 100 cubic feet of storage space, and each medium shelf costs $300 and requires 90 cubic feet of storage space. The company has $75000 to invest in shelves this week, and the warehouse has 18000 cubic feet available for storage. Profit for each big shelf is $300 and for each medium shelf is $150. What is the storage space constraint?

Question 15

The following is an Excel Answer and Sensitivity reports of a linear programming problem:

The Answer Report:

The Sensitivity Report:

Which additional resources would you recommend to be increased?

Question 16

Given the following linear programming problem that minimizes cost.

Min Z = 2x + 8y

Subject to 8x + 4y 64

2x + 4y 32

y 2

What is the sensitivity range for the third constraint, y 2?

Question 17

Compared to blending and product mix problems, transportation problems are unique because:

Question 18

The owner of Black Angus Ranch is trying to determine the correct mix of two types of beef feed, A and B which cost 50 cents and 75 cents per pound, respectively. Five essential ingredients are contained in the feed, shown in the table below. The table also shows the minimum daily requirements of each ingredient.

IngredientPercent per pound in Feed APercent per pound in Feed BMinimum daily requirement (pounds)
1202430
2301050
303020
4241560
5102040

The constraint for ingredient 3 is:

Question 19

The Wiethoff Company has a contract to produce garden hoses for a customer. Wiethoff has 4 different machines that can produce this kind of hose. Write a constraint to ensure that if machine 4 is used, machine 1 will not be used.

Question 20

If we are solving a 0-1 integer programming problem, the constraint x1 = x2 is a __________ constraint.

Question 21

The following table represents the cost to ship from Distribution Center 1, 2, or 3 to Customer A, B, or C.

The constraint that represents the quantity demanded by Customer B is:

Question 22

A professor needs help from 3 student helpers to complete 4 tasks. The first task is grading; the second is scanning; the third is copying, and the fourth is organizing student portfolios. The estimated time for each student to do each task is given in the matrix below.

Which of the following constraints represents the assignment for student A?

Question 23

Mutually exclusive events are:

Question 24

Jim is considering pursuing an MS in Information Systems degree. He has applied to two different universities. The acceptance rate for applicants with similar qualifications is 20% for University X and 45% for University Y. What is the probability that Jim will not be accepted at either university?

Question 25

Determining the worst payoff for each alternative and choosing the alternative with the best worst is called :

Question 26

A business owner is trying to decide whether to buy, rent, or lease office space and has constructed the following payoff table based on whether business is brisk or slow.

Question 27

For the following frequency distribution of demand, the random number 0.8177 would be interpreted as a demand of:

Question 28

In the Monte Carlo process, values for a random variable are generated by __________ a probability distribution.

Question 29

Given an actual demand of 59, a previous forecast of 64, and an alpha of .3, what would the forecast for the next period be using simple exponential smoothing?

Question 30

__________ moving averages react more slowly to recent demand changes than do __________ moving averages.

Question 31

A production process requires a fixed cost of $50,000. The variable cost per unit is $25 and the revenue per unit is projected to be $45. Find the break-even point.

Question 32

Tracksaws, Inc. makes tractors and lawn mowers. The firm makes a profit of $30 on each tractor and $30 on each lawn mower, and they sell all they can produce. The time requirements in the machine shop, fabrication, and tractor assembly are given in the table.

Formulation:

Let x = number of tractors produced per period

y = number of lawn mowers produced per period

MAX 30x + 30y

subject to 2 x + y 60

2 x + 3y 120

x 45

x, y 0

The graphical solution is shown below.

What is the shadow price for fabrication Write your answers with two significant places after the decimal and do not include the dollar $ sign.

Question 33

Consider the following linear program, which maximizes profit for two products, regular (R), and super (S):MAX
50R + 75S
s.t.
1.2R + 1.6 S 600 assembly (hours)
0.8R + 0.5 S 300 paint (hours)
.16R + 0.4 S 100 inspection (hours)Sensitivity Report:FinalReducedObjectiveAllowableAllowableCellNameValueCostCoefficientIncreaseDecrease$B$7Regular =291.670.00507020$C$7Super =133.330.00755043.75FinalShadowConstraintAllowableAllowableCellNameValuePriceR.H. SideIncreaseDecrease$E$3Assembly (hr/unit)563.330.006001E+3036.67$E$4Paint (hr/unit)300.0033.3330039.29175$E$5Inspect (hr/unit)100.00145.8310012.9440A change in the market has increased the profit on the super product by $5. Total profit will increase by __________. Write your answers with two significant places after the decimal and do not include the dollar $ sign.

Question 34

Kitty Kennels provides overnight lodging for a variety of pets. An attractive feature is the quality of care the pets receive, including well balanced nutrition. The kennel s cat food is made by mixing two types of cat food to obtain the nutritionally balanced cat diet. The data for the two cat foods are as follows:

Kitty Kennels wants to be sure that the cats receive at least 5 ounces of protein and at least 3 ounces of fat per day. What is the optimal cost of this plan? Write your answers with two significant places after the decimal and do not include the dollar $ sign.

Question 35

Find the optimal Z value for the following problem. Do not include the dollar $ sign with your answer.

MAX Z = 5×1 + 8×2

s.t. x1 + x2 6

5×1 + 9×2 45

x1, x2 0 and integer

Question 36

A company markets educational software products, and is ready to place three new products on the market. Past experience has shown that for this particular software, the chance of success is 80%. Assume that the probability of success is independent for each product. Find the probability that at least two of the three is successful. Round your result to four significant places after the decimal.

Question 37

The local operations manager for the IRS must decide whether to hire 1, 2, or 3 temporary workers. He estimates that net revenues will vary with how well taxpayers comply with the new tax code. The probabilities of low, medium, and high compliance are 0.20, 0.30, and 0.50 respectively. What are the expected net revenues for the number of workers he will decide to hire? Do not include the dollar $ sign with your answer.

Question 38

An investor is consider 4 different opportunities, A, B, C, or D. The payoff for each opportunity will depend on the economic conditions, represented in the payoff table below.

.

. Economic Condition

. Poor Average Good Excellent

. Investment (S1) (S2) (S3) (S4)

. A 50 75 20 30

. B 80 15 40 50

. C -100 300 -50 10

. D 25 25 25 25

.

Suppose all states of the world are equally likely (each state has a probability of 0.25). What is the expected value of perfect information? Round your answer to the nearest integer.

Question 39

Consider the following decision tree. The objective is to choose the best decision among the two available decisions A and B. Find the expected value of the best decision. Do not include the dollar $ sign with your answer.

Question 40

Recent past demand for product ZXT is given in the following table.

Wellness Plan Report Scoring Standard

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Wellness Plan Report Scoring Standard STUDENT:_____________________________________________________ Rating Scale 0 Work is missing, incorrect, or incomplete 1 Work does not meet criterion 2 Work meets criterion at a basic level of competence 3 Work meets and exceeds criterion Scoring Guide for the Wellness Plan -25% Criteria for the Wellness Plan Rating Mark 1. Overview of client wellness objective/issues 2. Quality of the interpretation of information received from the session (weighted x 2) X2 3. Identification and articulation of Big SMART Goals 4. Identification, articulation and appropriateness of Little SMART goals (minimum 3) 5. Identify 2 activities (improvement strategies) to help achieve each of the priority SMART goals (weighted x 2) X2 6. Strengths and Obstacles clearly identified 7. Action /Activities are comprehensive and directly related to all SMART goals, targeting client strengths and weaknesses (weighted x 2) X2 8. Sustainability measures in place are relevant and appropriate 9. Overall creativity of Wellness Plan-look/feel/customization/client-focused (weighted x 2) X2 10. Error Free, Layout, Flow, professionalism (weighted x2) X2 Total Possible Points ______/__45____
Reflection 10%: Student demonstrates 0-no ability to reflect on the assignment and or information/details are not present 1-minimal ability to reflect on the assignment and or information/details are missing or vague 2-a competent ability to reflect on the assignment and or information/details are complete 3-a superior ability to reflect on the assignment and information/details are comprehensive Criteria for the Reflection Rating Mark What went well in your coaching sessions? What would you do differently next time? What was the most /least gratifying moment of the session(s)? How did the client receive the final product? What was their feedback? What were the most powerful coaching skills that you used and how did it impact your session(s)?

Could Tanzania be made better off with no increase in its health care budget?

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3. In October, 2003, the International Development Research Center (IDRC) posted an article on its website that provides an application of the concept of allocative efficiency. “Making Plans for Success — The Tanzania Essential Health Interventions Project”, http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-45726-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html, accessed 12/27/2006) The article described how child mortality had been reduced by more than 40 percent over five years in Tanzania, not by increasing total health expenditures, but by reallocating the existing meager health budget more 
strategically. “By ensuring that meager resources were spent on the diseases that caused the greatest ravages, that the right medicines were available at the right time, and that health personnel were trained to treat patients effectively, the project has proven that an integrated approach to managing a health system is key to improving community health.” The rule you learned in Chapter 5, “produce at the point where the marginal benefit equals the marginal cost,” is applicable in this situation with some modification. One could define marginal cost as “the opportunity cost of medical services devoted to battling a particular disease” and marginal benefit as “years of life saved from an additional unit of medical service spent on fighting the disease”. 
An article in The Economist provided an application of the concept of allocative efficiency. The article focused on the allocation of resources available for the annual health budget of Tanzania – about $10 per person per year. Researchers in Morogoro, Tanzania found that the pre-1998 health budget reflected serious resource misallocation. “Malaria, for example, accounted for 30 percent of the years of life lost in Morogoro, but only 5 percent of the 1996 health budget. A cluster of childhood problems, including pneumonia, diarrhea, malnutrition, measles and malaria, constituted 28 percent of the disease burden, but received only 13 percent of the budget. On the other hand, “Tuberculosis, which accounted for less than 4 percent of years of life lost, received 22 percent of the budget.” (“For 80 Cents More.” The Economist August 15, 2002) 
a. Use the diagrams below to indicate the current situation in Tanzania for medical care devoted to malaria and tuberculosis by drawing a line of quantity of units for each type of medical care.

b. Could Tanzania be made better off with no increase in its health care budget? Refer to your answer to part (a).