Legal and Ethical Conduct

/in /by

Legal and Ethical Conduct

Legal and Ethical Conduct

As emphasized in this week’s media presentation, all nurses need to be familiar with the laws and regulations that govern their practice: their state’s Nurse Practice Act, ANA’s Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, specialty group standards of practice, etc. In addition, basic ethical principles guide nurses’ decision-making process every day. ANA’s Code of Ethics and ANA’s Social Policy Statement are two important documents that outline nurses’ ethical responsibilities to their patients, themselves, and their profession. This said, there is a dilemma: The laws are not always compatible with the ethical positions nurses sometimes take. This week’s Discussion focuses on such a dilemma.

To prepare:

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on the information in the media presentation about the relationship between the law and ethics.
  • Consider the ethical responsibility of nurses in ensuring patient autonomy, beneficence, non-malfeasance, and justice.
  • Read the following scenario:

    Lena is a community health care nurse who works exclusively with HIV-positive and AIDS patients. As a part of her job, she evaluates new cases and reviews confidential information about these patients. In the course of one of these reviews, Lena learns that her sister’s boyfriend has tested HIV positive. Lena would like to protect her sister from harm and begins to consider how her sister can find out about her boyfriend’s health status.

  • Consult at least two resources to help you establish Lena’s legal and ethical position. These resources might include your state’s Nurse Practice Act (I LIVE IN CALIFORNIA), the ANA’s Code of Ethics, ANA’s Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, and internal or external standards of care.
  • Consider what action you would take if you were Lena and why.
  • Determine whether the law and the ANA’s standards support or conflict with that action.

Post by Day 3 a description of the actions you would take in this situation, and why. Justify these actions by referencing appropriate laws, ethical standards, and professional guidelines.

Required Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.
Readings
  • Milstead, J. A. (2013). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
    • Chapter 4, “Government Regulation: Parallel and Powerful” (pp. 73–109)

      This chapter explains the major concepts of the regulation of health professionals, with emphasis on advanced practice nurses (APN) and the process of licensure and credentialing.

  • ANA’s Foundation of Nursing Package– (Access this resource from the Walden Library databases through your NURS 6050 Course Readings List)
    • Guide to the Code of Ethics: Interpretation and Application

      This guide details the history, purpose and theory, application, and case studies of this must-have Code of Ethics.

    • Nursing Social Policy Statement

      The Nursing Social Policy Statement provides an understanding of the social framework and obligations of the nursing profession.

    • Nursing: Scope & Standards of Practice

      This book contains several national standards of practice that can be used to inform the decision-making process, development, implementation, and evaluation of several functions and aspects of advanced practice nursing.

  • Gallagher, T. H. (2009). A 62-year-old woman with skin cancer who experienced wrong-site surgery: Review of medical error. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 302(6), 669–677.

    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

    The article showcases the different sides of medical error, from a 62-year-old patient who suffered and the components of the medical error’s impact and aftermath.

  • Reinhardt, U. E. (2010, Jan 30). Repercussions of simplicity. New York Times, p. A14.

    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

    This article determines that the government should take low-income families into account when determining mandatory health insurance because many Americans choose to go without insurance despite preexisting conditions presumably no longer being an issue.

  • Board on Health Care Services. (2007). Preventing medication errors: Quality Chasm Series. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Retrieved from http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11623&page=43
    • Part 1, “Understanding the Causes and Costs of Medication Errors” (pp. 43–49)
  • This article discusses the multilayered nature of medication error as a system of failures due to individual behaviors and conditions.

Pathophysiology of Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production

/in /by

1 DISORDERS OF MOTILITY 1

DISORDERS OF MOTILITY 2

Assignment 1: Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility

2 Pathophysiology of Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production The gastric parietal cells are found in the walls of the stomach and form the site where gastric acid is produced.3 The cells have the secretory canaliculus which releases gastric acid into the gastric lumen. 4 Gastric acid production occurs as a response to the hormonal, neurocrine and paracrine messengers which stimulate the series of reactions to produce the acid. Acid production takes place in three phase’s namely cephalic, gastric phase and intestinal phase. 3 Chemo transmitters are associated with the stimulation, production, and regulation of gastric acid. The chemo-transmitters are typically released into the gastric mucosa through different pathways that simulate the stimulatory and inhibitory mechanism (Borrelli, 2011).

The production, defense and healing mechanism against the harmful effects of gastric acid are regulated by an autocrine, neutral and paracrine control pathways. Gastric acid may be associated with digestive disorders such as GERD, PUD, and gastritis although it is equally important in the digestion of calcium, proteins and vitamin B12 as well as absorption of iron into the body.

Gastrointestinal reflux disorder (GERD) is the digestive condition that occurs due to acid reflux on the walls of the stomach. The excessive production of gastric acid leads to the overflow of the acid through the upper esophageal sphincter and causes a burning sensation on the esophageal walls. Peptic ulcer disease is more similar to GERD and involves acid action on the walls of the stomach leading to sores or wounds. Gastritis, on the other hand, is an inflammation of the intestinal walls due to the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin (Huether & McCance, 2012).

Patient Factors Affecting Digestive Acid Disorders: 5 Behavior The common risk factors for developing gastrointestinal acid disorders are the lifestyle behaviors such as drug use, poor diet, and poor feeding habits. A person who depends more on junk foods is more likely to accumulate more fat in their bodies which triggers conditions such as gastritis. 5 Foods such as peppermint, chocolate, coffee, and alcohol are the common causes of esophageal reflux. Use of anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen and aspirin are triggers of gastritis. Smoking, drinking and substance abuse are all predisposing factors for peptic ulcers and gastritis (Camilleri, 2012).

Diagnosis and Treatment There are common symptoms of the digestive disorders that differentiate them and make them easy to diagnose. For instance, reflux disease comes with a burning sensation in the throat followed by a bitter taste in the mouth. The irritating feeling usually increases when one assumes a lying position. Patients with GERD are usually enrolled on a dietary change to control the recurrence. GERD, Gastritis, and PUD are diagnosed by an analysis of the patient’s dietary practices, the frequency of abdominal pains and stress levels (Laureate Education, Inc., 2012c). 5 The treatment of the conditions takes various forms such as lifestyle change, dietary changes and behavior change such as reduction in the levels of alcohol consumption, and avoiding the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients may also be advised to avoid the consumption of spicy foods (National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, 2012).

Conclusion The discussion shows that gastric acid disorders mainly affects individuals who practice poor feeding habits, as well as alcohol consumers, and substance abusers. The best way to effectively manage gastric acid disorders is to practice a healthy diet and engage in a healthy lifestyle.

2 The Mind Map for Gastritis (Laureate Education, Inc., 2012c)-People who consume excess alcohol -Use of NSAIDS -Gastric bleeding -Vomiting and epigastric pain –

Epidemiology Clinical presentation

Epidemiology

2 Pathophysiology Diagnosis Gastritis

-Inflammation of gastric mucosa -injury to the inner stomach lining –

-Endoscopy -Blood test -Fecal occult test

Treatment

2 -Use of antacids to neutralize the gastric contents -Use of histamine 2 blockers to regulate acid production

5 References Borrelli, F. (2011). 2 Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor and Gastric Acid Secretion.  Dig Dis Sci, 52(11), 3102-3103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9507-4 Camilleri, M. (2012). Pharmacology of the new treatments for lower gastrointestinal motility disorders and irritable bowel syndrome. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 91(1), 44-59.

Huether, S. 2 E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). 2 Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

2 Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012c). 2 The gastrointestinal system. Baltimore, MD: Author.

5 National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. (2012). 5 Retrieved fromhttp://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/index.aspx

What additional medications and or treatment strategies are recommended for treatment or symptomatic control

/in /by

Unit 6 Assignment template. Please fill in the requested information.

Please submit to the Dropbox when you have completed your Assignment.

  Pediatric Client with Acute Bacterial Sinusitis
List the clinical criteria that must be present to support this diagnosis in pediatric patients from newborn to 21 years of age. Categorize clinical signs and symptoms by: Persistent Symptoms, Severe Onset, or Worsening Symptoms. List Criteria for Persistent Symptoms. List Criteria for Severe Onset of Symptoms. List Criteria for Worsening Symptoms.
When would imaging studies be indicated?  
What is the recommended Antibiotic for Child with No Known Allergies?

Provide dose, frequency, mg., ml., length of treatment, number of dosing units (i.e. prescription information).

  
What is the second line Recommended Antibiotic for Child with allergy to PCN

Provide dose, frequency, mg., ml., length of treatment, number of dosing units (i.e. prescription information).

  
When is Referral indicated?  
What additional medications and or treatment strategies are recommended for treatment or symptomatic control  
What is the treatment change in a child with worsening symptoms at 72 hours after initiation of antibiotic  
When is outpatient 72 hour “observation” acceptable?  
What modifications would be needed for the following children:

Four year old who is otherwise healthy

  
Child with immune deficiency  
Child with two prior sinus infections  
Child with cystic fibrosis  
What other conditions would modify these treatment recommendations?  

Explore the technology systems offered by Nanthealth, a provider of “telehealth” and health management services

/in /by

Needs to be in PPT form or ready to be put into PPT, rubric needs to be followed

 

Explore the technology systems offered by Nanthealth, a provider of “telehealth” and health management services via the following link:

Home

Prepare a brief (8-10 slides) PowerPoint presentation in which you do the following:

1.   Identify at least two technology innovations to connect patients, providers, and insurers across the care continuum.

2.   Describe how the technologies work to provide patients and providers with data necessary for health care decision making.

3.   Discuss how the real-time data encourages outcome-focused planning.

4.   Predict what impact the technology will have on future health care delivery. Provide rationale and examples.

Presentations must include speakers’ notes on each slide, as well as references for the presentation. A minimum of three academic references from credible sources are required for this assignment. The slide count (8-10 slides) does not include the introduction and References slide(s).

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin, unless otherwise directed by your instructor. If so directed, refer to the Student Success Center for directions. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.

 

 

Rubric:

1.     Presentation identifies two technology innovations to connect patients, providers, and insurers across the care continuum.

2.     Presentation’s description for how the technologies work to provide patients and providers with data necessary for health care decision is offered in an accurate manner with details and supported with examples.

3.     Discussion for how the real-time data encourages outcome-focused planning is offered in an accurate manner with details and supported with examples.

4.     Prediction to the impact the technology will have on future health care delivery offered in a specific terms and supported with rationale and examples.

5.     The content is written clearly and concisely. Ideas universally progress and relate to each other. The project includes motivating questions and advanced organizers. The project gives the audience a clear sense of the main idea.

6.     The writer uses a variety of sentence constructions, figures of speech, and word choice in distinctive and creative ways that are appropriate to purpose, discipline, and scope.