Compare study designs used for obtaining population health information from surveillance, observation, community, and control trial based research.

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The purpose of this assignment is to
• Provide learners with the opportunity to integrate knowledge and skills learned throughout this course
• Directly apply principles and knowledge learned in the course to problem solving of population health problems in their own geographic areas.
Course Outcomes
This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes:
1. Define key terms in epidemiology, community health, and population-based research.
2. Compare study designs used for obtaining population health information from surveillance, observation, community, and control trial based research.
3. Identify appropriate outcome measures and study designs applicable to epidemiological subfields such as infectious disease, chronic disease, environmental exposures, reproductive health, and genetics.
4. Apply commonly used measures of health risk.
5. Examine current ethical/legal issues in epidemiology.
6. Identify important sources of epidemiological data.
7. Evaluate a public health problem in terms of magnitude, person, time, and place.

Identify the specific person that drove this plan of care and developed the management, while including detail in how you advocated for the patient.

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Pathophysiology: (1 paragraph) ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Include information in regards to the pathophysiology related to the main diagnosis or illness process. This will help to understand how the S and O supported this diagnosis.
Diagnostic Tests: This area is for tests for Atrial Fibrillation (e.g. EKG, troponin, CXR, etc)
Assessment (number each diagnosis):
• Medical Diagnosis: Start with the presenting complaint diagnosis first. Number each diagnosis. A statement of the current condition of all other chronic illnesses that were addressed during the visit must be included (i.e. HTN-well managed on medication). Remember the S and O must support this diagnosis. Pertinent positives and negatives must be found in the write-up.

Plan (number each plan specific to each diagnosis):

These are the interventions that relate to the above diagnosis and address the following aspects (they may be included in one paragraph or separated out as listed
below):

Diagnostic: labs, diagnostics

Therapeutic: changes in meds, skin care, counseling

Educational information clients need to address their health problems. Include
follow-up care. Anticipatory guidance and counseling

Consultation/Collaboration referrals, or consult while in clinic with another provider. If no referral made was there a possible referral you could make and why? Advance care
planning.

Clinical Decision Making

The final section summarizes your critical thinking, decision-making and diagnostic
reasoning skills and is a mandatory additional requirement of this assignment.
It is a reflection of the thought process you used in caring for the patient.
Follow the directions under each section and label each area as appropriate.
ALL information should be in your own words.

Leadership / Professional Role:

Identify the specific person that drove this plan of care and developed the management,
while including detail in how you advocated for the patient. Also include how
you identified your advocacy for the role of the Nurse Practitioner. Include
how an individualized approach was applied to this patients care.

Pharmacology information (1 paragraph): CARDIZEM
Please include the name of the drug (generic and brand),
class, action, excretion, side effects and interactions, why this particular
drug is being prescribed for this particular patient, what is this drug
intended to treat, (specifically antibiotics, what organisms are we treating?).
What other drug could be chosen instead that would work? Keep in mind the cost
and convenience for the patient. This should be about a paragraph in length
stated in the way that you would use to educate your patient regarding the
medication. It is not acceptable to copy and paste from your pharmacology
resource or text. Please cite resources used.

Critical Thinking / Clinical Decision
Making: (1 paragraph)

In this section, include the top 2-3 differential diagnosis. This is an area that you would want to discuss what led to the diagnosis and how you ruled out certain other differential diagnosis. You may want to include why a particular treatment was chosen, perhaps despite what the books and references say. You need to provide evidence that you are referring to your available resources and not just deferring to your preceptor. Address any personal biases related to aging, development, and independence that might interfere with delivering quality of care.

Evidence based practice (1-2 paragraphs)

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is a thoughtful integration of the best available evidence, coupled with clinical expertise. As such it enables health practitioners to address healthcare questions with an evaluative and qualitative approach. EBP allows the practitioner to assess current and past research, clinical guidelines, and other information resources in order to identify relevant literature while differentiating between high-quality and low-quality findings. The practice of Evidence-Based Practice includes five fundamental steps;

•Formulating a well-built question

•Identifying articles and other evidence-based resources that answer the
question

•Critically appraising the evidence to assess its validity

•Applying the evidence

•Re-evaluating the application of evidence and areas for improvement

In this section please include APA citation for all resources utilized that informed your decision making with this particular patient case. In addition, describe what clinical questions and terms used to direct your search and address how valuable the evidence you found was in understanding, and directing the care.

Critique (1 paragraph)

This is an area where you look over the data gathered and after a careful review of the available resources (i.e. text books, reference readings) will provide a reflection of what might have been added or deleted that would have made this note more conclusive or complete. This is not an area to critique the preceptor. What areas could you have changed? What areas might you have added, perhaps additional questions you should have asked in the ROS, or additional areas you may have assessed for in the PE?

The four key elements of professional regulation have been identified as health professional registration, the setting of standards and codes, accreditation and the management of risk to the public through complaints handling

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The four key elements of professional regulation have been identified as health professional registration, the setting of standards and codes, accreditation and the management of risk to the public through complaints handling (Chiarella & White, 2013). With reference to relevant disciplinary case law (from UK, Australia or New Zealand) and peer reviewed professional literature, explain how these four elements of the regulation of nursing contribute to public safety.

Structure & Marking Criteria
– Registration and accreditation: Appropriate and relevant use and analysis of case law and literature in relation to the requirements for registration as a nurse, including the accreditation of educational programs (900 words)

– Standard setting: Appropriate and relevant use and analysis of case law and literature in relation to the setting of standards and codes (900 words)

– Dealing with performance, health and conduct complaints and notifications: Appropriate and relevant use and analysis of disciplinary case law and peer reviewed literature in relation to management of risk to the public through performance, health and conduct matters ( 1200 words)

Explain the Concepts of Co-morbidity, Chronicity and Complexity

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Case Study Report: Length: 2000 Words
Case Study for Part A
Angela is a 69 year old lady who was born in England and moved to Australia when she was 14 with her family. She is married and lives with her 74 year old husband, and has three daughters who live close by, and has seven grandchildren that she helps care for when her daughters work.
Angela has a 24 pack per year history of smoking and has been diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), with an FEV1/FVC ratio of 52%. She quit smoking 6 years ago, but her husband continues to smoke. Her inhalers for COPD include Symbicort 400/12mcg (Budesonide and Eformetorol) and Spiriva 18mcg (tiotropium Bromide). She uses salbutamol via inhaler as required.
Angela worked as a cleaner for many years and has some arthritic changes related to the wear and tear secondary to this work. She takes paracetamol only to manage this. Angela is compliant with all medications and efforts to manage her COPD and arthritis.
On a routine visit with her GP, Angela was noted to be hypertensive with a BP of 164/96. She has been commenced on an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril arginine, 2.5mg daily, to be reviewed in 4 weeks. Her weight has increased from 64kg to 72kg in the 3 months since her last review and she reports increased discomfort when mobilising, particularly from her spine. This is limiting her ability to exercise and she is now finding she is increasingly breathless when walking any distance, and is finding caring for the grandchildren more difficult.

Rationale
It is known that chronic disease is the leading cause of death across the world (Johnson & Chang, 2014). Nurses need to be able to provide care to all health consumers, with a significant role in assessing a person, planning care, communicating with colleagues and ensuring that the holistic needs are met and evaluated. The ongoing nature of the conditions can result in longer term debilitating outcomes if not addressed appropriately. Children, young people, adults and older adults all experience the full range of health issues yet manage them differently.
This assessment task addresses the following subject learning outcomes:
• Plan nursing care for patients with complex co-morbidities demonstrating rationale for how one affects the other.
• Plan nursing care of a patient with a co-morbidity in consultation with individuals/groups significant others and the interdisciplinary health care team in the clinical setting.
• Explain and describe common physiological, mental health and developmental chronic conditions.

Requirements:
Discusses the Pathophysiology of the mentioned Chronic and Complex Conditions and their Related Clinical Manifestations

There is a detailed, succinct and accurate discussion of the disruptions to normal physiological processes that underlie each condition, with consistently clear links to all of the clinical manifestations.
All clinical manifestations are clearly linked to underlying pathophysiology

Explains the Concepts of Co-morbidity, Chronicity and Complexity

The definitions of each of the key terms have been integrated into a detailed, succinct and accurate discussion of the chronicity and complexity of the patient’s condition.

Discusses the Impact of Chronic and Complex Conditions on the Patient

There is a comprehensive, accurate and integrated discussion of two ways in which the conditions may impact on each other and the possible effects of the conditions on the patient in the case study, with substantial links made to the previously discussed pathophysiology and clinical manifestations.

Use of Evidence to Support the Discussion

An extensive range of highly relevant and current sources have been located, evaluated and synthesised to
substantially support the discussion throughout the paper

Academic Writing and Presentation
The report is logically and succinctly structured according to academic writing conventions.
The content is presented in such a manner that it creates a cohesive, coherent and analytical report.
There is use of formal academic language throughout, including the accurate use of nursing terminology.
The content consistently adheres to grammatical conventions. There are no spelling mistakes or errors in punctuation.
Referencing

All sources are explicitly acknowledged in-text.
APA guidelines for in-text referencing and the reference list are consistently adhered to.
All sources cited-in text match those cited in the reference list.