Search the websites of professional health care informatics organizations, such as the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA), and the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS).

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Search the websites of professional health care informatics organizations, such as the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA), and the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS). Useful periodicals include:
Health Data Management
Health Management Technology
Healthcare Informatics
Healthcare IT News
Locate a case study that discusses how a health care organization solved a communication problem with a hardware solution while maintaining existing software.
Prepare a professional report (1,250-1,500 words) as if you are the informatics director of a 300-bed facility and the chief operating officer (COO) has given you the following directives:
Improve communication and coordination between admitting, laboratory, pharmacy, and clinicians to increase throughput; assume that each department has its own system currently in place.
Propose a solution that maintains existing software in each department and is supported by the HL7 initiatives.
In addition, define your focus and select a hardware solution; it may consist of a phased approach or an approach that directs attention only to one of the groups, or it may involve all of the aforementioned departments.
Provide a solution; emphasize interoperability.
Discuss how HL7 will improve communication and coordination between the departments.
Address the challenges of incorporating interoperability mandates from the Office of the National Coordinator.
Consider the challenges of an environment that is best of breed and the desire to move to a standard EHR across a health care enterprise.
Your solution may not implement new EHR software, but must provide a hardware solution to increase throughput.

Does mobile technology and social media change the way communications theory can be applied? Or do these developments change the theory itself?

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Q. 1 How did modern mass media become such an important influence on human behavior and health behavior? What are some of the core purposes of a typical communication campaign?

This unit provided the 10-step approach of putting a communication campaign together. Step 6 involves selecting the appropriate communication channels. Why would selecting the right channel or channels be so important? What would be some of the examples of those channels if you were trying to put a communication campaign together that was designed to increase awareness for young people about the need for physical exercise and better eating habits to address the problem of obesity?

Q. 2

What are some of the key components in the overall ecology of global health? Are these different from the ecological context for domestic health? If so, how? Please explain and provide supporting examples.

Q. 3

Does mobile technology and social media change the way communications theory can be applied? Or do these developments change the theory itself?

Q. 4

Imagine you are in charge of putting an anti-smoking communication campaign together (geared towards young adults) in your local community. Correctly identifying your target audience would be an important step. Who would be your target audience or audiences in this example? Are there any groups or sub-groups? Also, would you need to segment your audience in any way? Please address each of these questions and explain the overall importance of correctly identifying your target audience as part of your intended communication campaign.

What type of pesticide atrazine is and how long is remains in the environment?

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Atrazine is the second most widely used herbicide in the US. The EPA estimates that 80 million pounds are used annually. In 2001, over 7 million pounds of atrazine were used in Indiana, and over 12 million pounds were used in Illinois. Because atrazine has been linked to health problems, the US Environmental Protection Agency has established a drinking water standard for atrazine of 3 parts per billion, or 0.003 mg/L. Atrazine has been under review by the USEPA and a regulatory decision is anticipated in 2016.
Calculations – to be handed in during class
Consider an agricultural watershed with an area of 7000 hectares (ha). A stream drains the watershed into a lake with a surface area of 36 ha and a depth of 5 meters. The outflow of the lake is 118 liters per second. A nearby town uses the lake as a water supply. Atrazine is applied to the watershed each year at an average rate of 0.045 kg/ha. Answer the following questions:
1. In one year, how much atrazine is applied to the watershed in total?
2. If, during a normal year, 3 % of the total atrazine applied to the watershed was washed off the fields by rain storms and transported to the lake, what would be the resulting concentration of atrazine in the lake? Express your answer in parts per billion. . (HINT: first calculate the volume of the lake, then determine the atrazine concentration in the lake.).
3. Calculate the average residence time of Atrazine in the lake.
In wet years as much as 7% or more of total Atrazine applied can be lost to surface water sources. Please write a policy memo that persuades policy makers either in favor of the continued use of Atrazine or to ban Atrazine as the UK has already done. Please address the following questions in the memo and address the concerns that may be present.
• The towns concern about their drinking water supply in this scenario?
• What type of pesticide atrazine is and how long is remains in the environment?
• the effects of atrazine on human health
• the effects of atrazine on wildlife
• Impact of atrazine on groundwater
• the implications to farmers if Atrazine was banned, ie address cost benefit issues if a ban

Complete the following exercises located at the end of each chapter and put them into a Word document to be submitted as directed by the instructor.

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Complete the following exercises located at the end of each chapter and put them into a Word document to be submitted as directed by the instructor.
Show all relevant work; use the equation editor in Microsoft Word when necessary.
1. Chapter 13, numbers 13.6, 13.8, 13.9, and 13.10
2. Chapter 14, numbers 14.11, 14.12, and 14.14
3. Chapter 15, numbers 15.7, 15.8, 15.10 and 15.14

13.6 It’s well established, we’ll assume, that lab rats require an average of 32 trials in a complex water maze before reaching a learning criterion of three consecutive errorless trials. To determine whether a mildly adverse stimulus has any effect on performance, a sample of seven lab rats were given a mild electrical shock just before each trial.
(a) Given that X 5 34.89 and s 5 3.02, test the null hypothesis with t , using the .05 level of significance.
(b) Construct a 95 percent confidence interval for the true number of trials required to learn the water maze. (c) Interpret this confidence interval.

13.8 Assume that on average, healthy young adults dream 90 minutes each night, as inferred from a number of measures, including rapid eye move-ment (REM) sleep. An investigator wishes to determine whether drinking coffee just before going to sleep affects the amount of dream time. After drinking a standard amount of coffee, dream time is monitored for each of 28 healthy young adults in a random sample. Results show a sample mean, X, of 88 minutes and a sample standard deviation, s , of 9 minutes.
(a) Use t to test the null hypothesis at the .05 level of significance.
(b) If appropriate (because the null hypothesis has been rejected), construct a 95 percent confidence interval and interpret this interval.
13.9 In the gas mileage test described in this chapter, would you prefer a smaller or a larger sample size if you were
(a) the car manufacturer? Why?
(b) a vigorous prosecutor for the federal regulatory agency? Why?

14.11 To test compliance with authority, a classical experiment in social psychol-ogy requires subjects to administer increasingly painful electric shocks to seemingly helpless victims who agonize in an adjacent room.* Each sub-ject earns a score between 0 and 30, depending on the point at which the subject refuses to comply with authority—an investigator, dressed in a white lab coat, who orders the administration of increasingly intense shocks. A score of 0 signifies the subject’s unwillingness to comply at the very outset, and a score of 30 signifies the subject’s willingness to comply completely with the experimenter’s orders.
Ignore the very real ethical issues raised by this type of experiment, and assume that you want to study the effect of a “committee atmosphere” on compliance with authority. In one condition, shocks are administered only after an affirmative decision by the committee, consisting of one real subject and two associates of the investigator, who act as subjects but in fact merely go along with the decision of the real subject. In the other condition, shocks are administered only after an affirmative decision by a solitary real subject. A total of 12 subjects are randomly assigned, in equal numbers, to the committee condition ( X 1 ) and to the solitary condition ( X 2 ). A compliance score is obtained for each subject. Use t to test the null hypothesis at the .05 level of significance.
COMPLIANCE SCORES
COMMITTEE 2 Solitary 3
5 8
20 7
15 10
4 14
10 0

*14.14 An investigator wishes to determine whether alcohol consumption causes a deterioration in the performance of automobile drivers. Before the driv-ing test, subjects drink a glass of orange juice, which, in the case of the treatment group, is laced with two ounces of vodka. Performance is mea-sured by the number of errors made on a driving simulator. A total of 120 volunteer subjects are randomly assigned, in equal numbers, to the two groups. For subjects in the treatment group, the mean number of errors ( –X1) equals 26.4, and for subjects in the control group, the mean number of errors ( –X2) equals 18.6. The estimated standard error equals 2.4.
(a) Use t to test the null hypothesis at the .05 level of significance.
(b) Specify the p -value for this test result.
(c) If appropriate, construct a 95 percent confidence interval for the true population mean difference and interpret this interval.
(d) If the test result is statistically signifi cant, use Cohen’s d to estimate the effect size, given that the standard deviation, s p , equals 13.15.
(e) State how these test results might be reported in the literature, given s 1 5 13.99 and s 2 5 12.15.

*15.7 An educational psychologist wants to check the claim that regular physical exercise improves academic achievement. To control for academic aptitude, pairs of college students with similar GPAs are randomly assigned to either a treatment group that attends daily exercise classes or a control group. At the end of the experiment, the following GPAs are reported for the seven pairs of participants:

(a) Using t , test the null hypothesis at the .01 level of significance.
(b) Specify the p -value for this test result.
(c) If appropriate (because the test result is statistically signifi cant), use Cohen’s d to estimate the effect size.
(d) How might this test result be reported in the literature?

15.8 A school psychologist wishes to determine whether a new antismoking fi lm actually reduces the daily consumption of cigarettes by teenage smokers. The mean daily cigarette consumption is calculated for each of eight teen-age smokers during the month before and the month after the fi lm presen-tation, with the following results:

t TEST FOR TWO RELATED SAMPLES (REPEATED MEASURES) ( Note : When deciding on the form of the alternative hypothesis, H 1 , remember that a positive difference score ( D 5 X 1 2 X 2 ) reflects a decline in cigarette consumption.)
(a) Using t , test the null hypothesis at the .05 level of significance.
(b) Specify the p -value for this test result.
(c) If appropriate (because the null hypothesis was rejected), construct a 95 percent confidence interval for the true population mean for all difference scores, and use Cohen’s d to obtain a standardized estimate of the effect size. Interpret these results.
(d) What might be done to improve the design of this experiment?

*15.10 In a classic study, which predates the existence of the EPO drug, Melvin Williams of Old Dominion University actually injected extra oxygen-bearing red cells into the subjects’ bloodstream just prior to a treadmill test. Twelve long-distance runners were tested in 5-mile runs on treadmills. Essentially, two running times were obtained for each athlete, once in the treatment or blood-doped condition after the injection of two pints of blood and once in the placebo control or non-blood-doped condition after the injection of a comparable amount of a harmless red saline solution. The presentation of the treatment and control conditions was counterbalanced, with half of the subjects unknowingly receiving the treatment fi rst, then the control, and the other half receiving the conditions in reverse order. Since the difference scores, as reported in the New York Times, on May 4, 1980, are calculated by subtracting blood-doped running times from control running times, a positive mean difference signifies that the treatment has a facilitative effect, that is, the athletes’ running times are shorter when blood doped. The 12 athletes had a mean difference running time, D, of 51.33 seconds with a standard deviation, s D , of 66.33 seconds.
(a) Test the null hypothesis at the .05 level of significance.
(b) Specify the p -value for this result.
(c) Would you have arrived at the same decision about the null hypothesis if the difference scores had been reversed by subtracting the control times from the blood-doped times?
(d) If appropriate, construct and interpret a 95 percent confidence interval for the true effect of blood doping.
(e ) Calculate and interpret Cohen’s d for these results .
(f) How might this result be reported in the literature?
(g) Why is it important to counterbalance the presentation of blood-doped and control conditions?
(h) Comment on the wisdom of testing each subject twice—once under the blood-doped condition and once under the control condition—during a single 24-hour period. (Williams actually used much longer intervals in his study
15.14 In Table 7.4 on page 173, all ten top hitters in the major league baseball in 2011 had lower batting averages in 2012, supporting regression toward the mean. Treating averages as whole numbers (without decimal points) and subtracting their batting averages for 2012 from those for 2011 (so that positive difference scores support regression toward the mean), we have the following ten difference scores: 14, 39, 61, 60, 13, 21, 50, 93, 16, 61. (a) Test the null hypothesis (that the hypothetical population mean difference equals zero for all sets of top ten hitters over the years) at the .05 level of significance. (b) Find the p -value. (c) Construct a 95% confidence interval. (d) Calculate Cohen’s d . (e) How might these fi ndings be reported?