“Nonmaleficence is an ethical principle, which means doing no harm or inflicting the least harm possible or even the risk of causing harm to reach a beneficial outcome. This includes all forms of harm as physical, emotional injury, or violations of rights of people and patients.

In healthcare and to a greater extent, Nonmaleficence is linked to the nature of doctor-patient relationship and the ethical standards governing this relation and the doctor should provide the care considering the best interest of the patients and making sure no harm is caused to him. With the changes in the nature and regulations in this professional relationship where patient autonomy is given more weight in current days, as the selection of their own treatment and intervention, particularly in end of life issues or abortion requires good communications and re-structuring of the Nonmaleficence in medical practice. In Islamic medical ethics, Beneficence is given more priority over Nonmaleficence and this aims to protect the human sole from faulty and non-knowledgeable patients own decision that contradict evidence-based medicine.

Nonmaleficence mandate high moral standards in which physicians needs to consider before taking decisions or conducting new treatments. And if this ethical concept did not be applied, this will affect the organization reputation and shake “the culture of candor” that needs to be augmented through out all levels of the staff. For example, trying to convince a patient to undergo a surgical procedure that may not benefit him or has weak supporting evidence will disturb the “telling the truth” principle and the transparency of the organization for reaching this culture of candor.

As leaders in king fahad medical city, we should keep in mind as well that sometimes application of Nonmaleficence can not be always the case as sometimes giving medications and performing surgeries may have secondary effects that may be harmful in varying degrees and can not be avoided, here where the transparency and telling the full truth and engage the patient will have a high value. The most important in this situation is the first intent, if it was do no harm, then those secondary harms considered unintended.”

Week 2: Assignment
This week you will conduct a literature search to evaluate and establish the importance of the problem you have chosen to review: Factors that influence decision making. To prove that the topic: Factors that influence decision making you must plan to review is one that affects the welfare of the human being, you must establish the extent of the problem you are addressing: social influence, cultural, psychological, emotional, medical age, gender, environmental and biological. You must plan to investigate Factors that influence decision making, you would need to establish the extent of influence on a nationwide basis people experience. You might want to determine which areas, genders, or ethno-cultural groups are most involved in this problem. You will need to establish the cost of the influence as a problem or possible problem, such as the number of people harmed by influence physically or psychologically, the psychological distress involved, the disruption plans and how it affects their family, their personal life, and the amount of money, time or treatment spent yearly to deal with the problem of Factors that influence decision making and consequences: family problems, criminal, ect.
The United States government, as well as some state and local governments, keeps careful statistics of the incidence of behavior and psychological problems. Different departments within the United States government keep statistics on problems, and on programs and research on the problem. For example, the Department of Justice keeps statistics on crime, including types of crime, gender and race of perpetrator, location of crime, and various programs to prevent crime or deal with criminal behavior. Laws for workplace compensation for distress suffered in the workplace can also be found in government databases. Be sure to consult the library for further information on how to search government sites efficiently. Some government websites are listed in the supplemental resources.

Explain the extent of the behavioral, cognitive, or psychological problem that you have identified. Do so by preparing a report that discusses the problem in depth and offers statistics that show the extent of the problem on national and regional levels. Your report should include 1-3 figures or graphs that visually illustrate the extent of the problem. (Use the APA Tables and Figures Guide to prepare the figures and graphs for this section.)