Explain potential predisposing genetic and environmental factors associated with asthma. If you did not evaluate a patient with this background, you may select a related case study from a reputable source or reflect on previous clinical experiences.

/in /by

#1.Practicum Experience: Journal Entry
After completing this week’s Practicum Experience, reflect on a patient with a known history of a cardiovascular disorder such as a blood clot or arrhythmia. Describe the patient’s personal and medical history, drug therapy and treatments, and follow-up care. If you did not evaluate a patient with this background, you may select a related case study from a reputable source or reflect on previous clinical experiences.
#2 After completing this week’s Practicum Experience, reflect on a patient with a known history of asthma. Explain potential predisposing genetic and environmental factors associated with asthma. If you did not evaluate a patient with this background, you may select a related case study from a reputable source or reflect on previous clinical experiences.
#3After completing this week’s Practicum Experience, reflect on a patient who presented with abdominal pain. Describe the patient’s personal and medical history, drug therapy and treatments, and follow-up care. If you did not evaluate a patient with this background, you may select a related case study from a reputable source or reflect on previous clinical experiences

Classic Model for an Argument No one structure fits all written arguments.

/in /by

Classic Model for an Argument No one structure fits all written arguments. However, most college courses require arguments that consist of the following elements. Below is a basic outline for an argumentative or persuasive essay. This is only one possible outline or organization. Always refer to your handbook for specifics. I. Introductory Paragraph o Yourintroductoryparagraphsetsthestageorthecontextforthepositionyouarearguingfor. o Thisintroductionshouldendwithathesisstatementthatprovidesyourclaim(whatyouare arguing for) and the reasons for your position on an issue. A. Your thesis: o stateswhatyourpositiononanissueis o usuallyappearsattheendoftheintroductioninashortessay o shouldbeclearlystatedandoftencontainsemphaticlanguage(should,ought,must) B. Sample Argumentative Thesis o Theproduction,sale,andpossessionofassaultweaponsforprivatecitizensshouldbe banned in the U.S. II. Body of your Argument A. Background Information o Thissectionofyourpapergivesthereaderthebasicinformationheorsheneedsto understand your position. This could be part of the introduction, but may work as its own section. B. Reasons or Evidence to Support your Claim o All evidence you present in this section should support your position. This is the heart of your essay. Generally, you begin with a general statement that you back up with specific details or examples. Depending on how long your argument is, you will need to devote one to two well-developed paragraphs to each reason/claim or type of evidence. o Typesofevidenceinclude: • first-hand examples and experiential knowledge on your topic (specific examples help your readers connect to your topic in a way they cannot with abstract ideas) • Opinions from recognized authorities • The tipsheet on the three logical appeals covers the types of evidence you can use in argumentation. 1. Claim: Keeping assault weapons out of private citizens’ hands can lower the increasing occurrences of barbaric public slayings • Evidence: o Jul93Lawfirmmurders o ColumbineSchoolShootings o UniversityofVirginiaincident o Howdidtheseindividualsgainaccesstoweapons? 2. Claim: The ban on assault weapons is backed heavily by public opinion, major organizations, and even law enforcement. • Evidence: o 12%favorban(Much92TimetableNews) o Organizationalendorsements o Nat’lSherriff’sAssoc./lntn’lAssoc.ofPoliceChiefs 3. Claim: The monetary and human costs incurred by crimes committed with assault weapons are too great to ignore. • Evidence: o 10,561murdersin1990byhandguns o Studyof131injuredpatients’medicalexpensespaidbypublicfunds III. Addressing the Opposite Side o Anywell-writtenargumentmustanticipateandaddresspositionsinoppositiontotheone being argued. o Pointingoutwhatyouroppositionislikelytosayinresponsetoyourargumentshowsthat you have thought critically about your topic. Addressing the opposite side actually makes your argument stronger! o Generally,thistakestheformofaparagraphthatcanbeplacedeitheraftertheintroduction or before the conclusion. A. 1st Opposing View: Strict gun control laws won’t affect crime rate • Refutation: Low murder rate in Britain, Australia (etc., where strict controls are in force. B. 2nd Opposing View: Outlaws would still own guns • Refutation: Any effort to move trend in opposite direction would benefit future generations IV. Conclusion o The conclusion should bring the essay to a logical end. It should explain what the importance of your issue is in a larger context. Your conclusion should also reiterate why your topic is worth caring about. o Someargumentsproposesolutionsormakepredictiononthefutureofthetopic. o Showyourreaderwhatwouldhappenifyourargumentisorisnotbelievedoracteduponas you believe it should be.

Present a critical review of the past, current and future use of animals in brain research

/in /by

Task: Present a critical review of the past, current and future use of animals in brain research. (this is a biological psychology subject)

Remember this critical review needs to be balanced. This means you must provide evidence for your arguments as well as critique the available evidence. Is the evidence you are presenting backed up by other studies? Do some studies show conflicting evidence? Was there an issue with the study conducted that means you need to be careful in interpreting the results? Please use at least 11 recent (last 5 years, i.e. from 2011 onwards) journal articles as references. Book references as well. Additional references will also be expected

Presentation:
1) APA format is required
2) Must be an ACTIVE TONE
3) Must criticise and analyze the material
4) References with of journal articles in doi and not in Indian research
5) NO direct quotes. Must paraphrase and use findings of studies/authors
6) Must compare and oppose findings
7) Must discuss past (history), current and future

This is how it will be graded:

1. Answered the Question
A critical review of the past, current and future use of animals in brain research.
Demonstrated knowledge of four learning outcomes:
A) Understands the foundations of physiological psychology
B) Understands the bases for analysing behaviour in terms of brain mechanisms
C) Understands the bases of some organic disorders and become fluent in describing medical terms for common manifestations of brain dysfunction
D) Understands laboratory methods that involve the research principles used in biological psychology

2. Evidence of Critical Discussion
A) Relevant papers are reviewed, from seminal early works to the latest current developments and are inter-related and build upon each other showing progress to the current state B) Identifies key issues/debate in the literature concisely summarising and discussing them in reference to how they address the essay question
C) Critical examination of methods and findings
D) Demonstrates contextual understanding – historical, societal, cultural, moral and ethical implications

3. Introduction
A) Provides brief background /contextual information and introduces the essay’s topic clearly and concisely
B) Identifies the relevance and importance of topic
C) Identifies the point of view/argument
D) Identifies structure of paper
C) Briefly discusses the conclusion reached

4. Conclusion
A) Provides a synthesis of essay not summary
B) Restates the topic and purpose of the essay
C) Reviews major points presented in the essay
D) Discusses the implications of your conclusion

Hello. the author walks the reader through the topic/issue explaining earlier models /theories and their application —> noting strengths and weaknesses in such theory and or application —> moving on to explain to the reader how another theorist or technological or scientific advancement has now addressed such weaknesses thus explaining the strengths and weaknesses of that model/theory/application, and continues in this manner until contemporary theories and applications are discussed. The author then discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the current state of affairs and identifies future direction for research or advancement in theory and application.

This is what has/ has/not been done:

The future direction for research or advancements and in theory and application was not discussed. It was mentioned that future animal research is likely to continue but there needs to be more discussion around future research/advancements and application and what neuroscience and the future holds either with or without animals. Also the paper needs to discuss each study/model/theory and its application and their weakness and strengths and if other studies support or refute it.

The conclusions and limitations needs to be discussed and the history of brain research and the laboratory methods used. Current laboratory methods and findings. It skims over the actual methods used and their weakness or strengths of each study.

Here again is what it will be marked on:

1. Answered the Question
A critical review of the past, current and future use of animals in brain research.
Demonstrated knowledge of four learning outcomes:
Understands the foundations of physiological psychology
Understands the bases for analysing behaviour in terms of brain mechanisms
Understands the bases of some organic disorders and become fluent in describing medical terms for common manifestations of brain dysfunction
Understands laboratory methods that involve the research principles used in biological psychology
2. Evidence of Critical Discussion Relevant papers are reviewed, from seminal early works to the latest current developments and are inter-related and build upon each other showing progress to the current state Identifies key issues/debate in the literature concisely summarising and discussing them in reference to how they address the essay question
Critical examination of methods and findings
Demonstrates contextual understanding – historical, societal, cultural, moral and ethical implications
3. Introduction
Provides brief background /contextual information and introduces the essay’s topic clearly and concisely Identifies the relevance and importance of topic Identifies your point of view/argument Identifies structure of paper Briefly discusses the conclusion you will reach
4. Conclusion
Provides a synthesis of essay not summary Restates the topic and purpose of the essay Reviews major points presented in the essay Discusses the implications of your conclusion

Discuss whether you would incorporate new research published (from your evidence table to answer your PICOT question) after the practice guideline to your treatment plan for this patient, or not and why.

/in /by

This is the grading rubric for the research paper based on the PICOT question. You may alter PICOT question if needed.

Purpose: To incorporate theory and other evidenced based practice evidence using a patient experience (case study). This assignment is designed to help you identify a patient issue or advanced nursing practice problem using a case study to communicate in writing the application of valid evidence (research and theory) to clinical practice to improve patient outcomes. You will be completing a literature review, critiquing research articles to develop an evidence table for your paper, evaluating available evidence that can be applied to your advanced nursing practice, gaps in research and implementing evidence into your anticipated role after graduation. Although you will be doing all of these activities to write your paper, you summarize in your paper your findings, not about all the details related to the activities you completed to write your paper.

Body of paper: Length is required to be between 10 and 12 pages double spaced (not including title, abstract, appendix and reference pages). Any additional pages added to the body of the paper, after page 12 will not be included in the grading process using the rubric below. The paper should be in APA 6th edition format, except the title page (use the sample posted on Blackboard).Use Times New Roman and 12 point font. (100 points)

Elements must include but are not limited to:
o (10 points) APA Format and Grammar (Don’t forget about the graduate writing center through RAGE/GROWL)
Ø Abstract: Get the reader’s attention. May use etiology, epidemiology, etc. to stress the importance of the topic in 200 words or less. See the APA manual for description of abstract content
Ø Reference (In text and reference page), see APA manual for order of paper, proper citation and plagiarism information

o (10 points) Introduction
Ø Summarize direction of your paper, don’t repeat Abstract but add more detail related to the background and significance of the problem for related patient population and/or APN role perspective (eg. mortality rate or prevalence epidemiology in the US). Include why the topic is important to the APN, patient, healthcare, economics, family genetics, etc)
Ø Include your PICOT question/statement: Write in a sentence format. Label each letter with parentheses after each section Problem or/Population (P), Intervention (I), Comparison (C), Outcome (O), Time (T). Case Study up to four short sentences Giving a clear example of the population- who would be affected by this problem? Be Specific to the most common gender, age group, may include diagnosis, intervention, comparison (specific or class of medications) — depending on topic and PICOT, and time frame.

o (25 Points) Review of medical topic
Ø Case Study (Concise): List all the significant history, cc, etc.- not all the normal information unless significant for the case to rule out differential diagnoses (The case study should be one to two paragraphs in length). This is different than what you would document in a patient chart. This is a summary of a clear example of the population- who would be affected by this problem? Be Specific to the most common gender, age group, may include diagnosis, intervention, comparison (specific or class of medications) — depending on topic and PICOT, and time frame.

o (35 Points) Review of Literature and Research
Current research review (<5 years old)
Ø Include a Practice guideline for your topic or a Systematic Review and a minimum of 2 peer reviewed articles to answer your PICOT statement/question. All should be referenced and (concise) summarized. You will complete a critical analysis to decide if the findings were significant but all the details from the critical analysis (use the tools from your Melnyk textbook) will not be included in your paper. Only use the most relevant evidence and statistical tests with values related to your case study and PICOT question in your paper and evidence table.
Ø Evidence Table minimum elements that should be present include: author, year, study design, number of subjects, methodology, significant findings or pertinent insignificant findings with associated statistical tests and their values
Ø Discuss research gaps and their limitations or barriers to applying evidence to Advanced Practice Nursing and/ or gaps in practice, if the evidence is available but not being applied in practice

o (10 Points) Relevance and Implications for APN
Describe the relevance for your practice as an APN in reference to your case study support your evidence-based decision making processes with the practice guideline and other research listed in your evidence table to develop a patient centered treatment plan. (Use the NP core competencies and practice guidelines to help you).
Ø Discuss whether you would incorporate new research published (from your evidence table to answer your PICOT question) after the practice guideline to your treatment plan for this patient, or not and why.
Ø Evidence-based treatment plan for the patient in your case study (Use your practice guideline and any significant research to develop your brief plan. Suggested significant (concise) applicable elements that may be included are: psychosocial, cultural, genetic/genomics, assessment, co-morbidities, differential diagnoses, pharmacological, holistic approaches such as alternative medicine treatments (including CAM) treatments, interprofessional collaboration.
Ø Application of Theory or conceptual model –List the name of the theorist or authors if you use a conceptual framework model. Apply the concepts to the patient in your case study. In order to receive full credit you must demonstrate your understanding of how to apply the theory or conceptual model specifically to the patient in the case study you developed in an APN role

o (10 Points) Summary/Conclusion- Case and Implications
Ø Application of best evidence to improve patient outcomes using research, theory in an Advanced Nursing Practice role (make sure it is within your scope of practice or be clear what your role would be related to the PICOT statement and Case Study). Don’t repeat the abstract or all the details in the body of your paper but summarize the most important points in your paper that you want the reader to remember about the patient, evidence available , gaps in research, theory and your role as the APN to answer your PICOT question. Use in text referencing to support your summary with evidence (research and theory) for the most significant variables related to your PICOT question and case study including supporting statistical test and values using your APA manual.