Assisted Suicide Argument

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Attached are the first two pages. I need five more pages to  finish the essay plus five sources MUST be from JSTOR site. Must be MLA format with quotation marks.

Your Name

Assisted Suicide Argument

Freedom of Choice, Freedom of expression, Freedom of religion. We live in a day and age when we have the ability to decide, to pick and choose. What does one do when a right, a privilege, a freedom is not always respected. Assisted Suicide has continued to be on the debating grounds. There are those that believe assisted suicide is unconstitutional and those akin to myself that believe it is everyone’s individual right of choice.The constitution however does not have a provision that allows for assisted suicides, and there have been fights in the Supreme Court regarding such decisions. Though assisted suicide is not specified one may argue that it in fact falls under due process.  The case of Cruzan vs. Director, Missouri Department of Health established that the due process clause protects one’s ability to refuse medical treatment, even if this refusal would cause the person to die(“Is There a Constitutional Right to Physician-assisted Suicide?,” ). In this case wouldn’t one be able to argue that this is a method of assisted suicide? By giving the individual the opportunity to refuse life sustaining treatment that will ultimately cause their death.

No one would argue that it is not difficult to watch a loved one suffer from an incurable disease.  There could be little argument that this subject could vary based on if you were directly affected by its decisions. It becomes easy for one to see how there could be extreme grey areas, and why lines are continually drawn regarding what does and does not fit under assisted suicide.  Society continues to try and push and morph the rules and regulations. Though who wants to see unnecessary suffering? Whom wants to suffer themselves unnecessarily if given a choice?

With a growing aging population one must consider the impact and effects of terminal illnesses on the families that are left to watch their loved ones suffer, without the ability to stop their pain or discomfort. Why would we choose to make people suffer if regardless the end result will be the same? The main difference is that with assisted suicide there is a choice. There is the ability to decide something that was not always an option. No more suffering, no pain, the ability to end things on one’s own terms and not have to have ones family and friends watch as they wither away.

On the other hand though it could be argued that who makes us the Supreme Being to choose life or death? Regardless taking another person’s life has always been titled murder. Truth, is this is a decision that once made and executed; minds cannot be changed and the damage cannot be undone.  As time goes on there are more and more people that agree with the ability to have assisted suicide deaths.  Though there will never be a 100% consensus, it becomes necessary to hear the needs of those that reach out and seek assisted suicides.     Due to the Supreme Court decisions made in 1997 it was further affirmed that the government’s interest far outweighs that of the individual. This made clear that the refusal of life saving medical treatment is far different than asking a doctor to aid in ending one’s life   (“Is There a Constitutional Right to Physician-assisted Suicide?”).

Varying States have been able to enact laws that protect ones right to die, though there are those that have chosen not to take the same position on the matter. Literature continues to debate and recant the varying viewpoints. Lines will continue to be drawn, questions and varying viewpoints will continue. There will always be a question of whether or not one side is right over the other.  As the debate continues and States continue to contemplate their stance on the issues, one cannot forget that though the subject is very public this is a rather private matter, one that though we may not see and hear of it still goes on regardless of whom feels it is right or wrong. Regardless we should all have the ability to choose our destiny.
Work Cited

“Is There a Constitutional Right to Physician-assisted Suicide?” FindLaw. N.p., n.d. Web. 03/28/15. <http://healthcare.findlaw.com/patient-rights/is-there-a-constitutional-right-to-physician-assisted-suicide.html>.

Do any of the market approaches appear to offer the possibility of disruption? Why or why not?

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N/B: Each questions should only be a page long and not more than. There are 7 questions to answer in total. Answers to questions 1 and 2 for Example 4 and question 5 can be shorter or a half page to each answer.

Check word doc uploaded file for case examples and questions.
Directions for Examples 1­–5 :

Read the example and construct a coherent response based on the situation described below. Responses should be well-organized, accurate, and demonstrate mastery over course content. Use bullet points, charts, or other techniques to organize your answers in short clear responses.

No credit will be given for information unrelated to the subject area.

Example 1 – Personal Continuous Air Monitor

Patent No. 6,011,479

The radiation detection and measurement industry is a large field encompassing monitoring, measurement and safety aspects of radiation exposure. In the past, the radiation detection and measurement field was related mainly to the Department of Energy, including nuclear weapons production, fuel production, decontamination teams and nuclear power plants. This industry is currently in a state of change with the risk of radiation exposure growing due to the heightened risk of terrorism in the world today. The need for radiation detection and measurement has now expanded into the Emergency Responder teams and areas of the Department of Defense.

Los Alamos National Lab (LANL), a federal nuclear research lab, has developed a technology that is able to detect and measure airborne radioactive particulate in the personal breathing zone of the user. This product is called the Personal Continuous Air Monitor (PCAM) and has significant benefits over the existing Continuous Air Monitoring (CAM) product offerings.

The attributes of the PCAM have the potential to open up new opportunities in the radioactive particulate and Emergency Responder market places. Initial market probing has indicated that there is a strong interest in the PCAM technology since there is no existing CAM product that can be worn by the user or is able to monitor the radioactive worker’s personal breathing zone.

LANL owns the patent for the PCAM technology; therefore, the technology must be licensed from this federal lab if it is to be commercialized.

Certain countries in Europe have more stringent protection and safety requirements than the United States and use nuclear energy on a wider scale. Nuclear radiation detection and measurement is a global industry and there mightbe global opportunities for the PCAM. The International Plutonium industry and nuclear power plant technology areon the increase at about 5­8% per year. Although the grassroots fear of nuclear energy mightcontinue to challenge the growth of the nuclear energy industry, this fear may also benefit the recognition of the PCAM as a needed tool in all radiation related industries.

General Description and Important Technical Attributes

The Personal Continuous Air Monitor (PCAM) is a device that is capable of warning immediately of hazardous nuclear particles in the air. This device will allow people to monitor their own air space environment for airborne radioactivity. The PCAM is a battery-operated airborne particle monitor and recorder.  The PCAM has a filter/detector head that is worn near the breathing zone of a user, containing a filter mounted adjacent to radiation detectorsand a preamplifier.  The filter/detector head is connected to a belt pack to be worn at the waist or on the back of a user.  The belt pack contains a signal processor, batteries, a multi-channel analyzer, a logic circuit, and an alarm.  An air pump also is provided in the belt pack for pulling air through the filter/detector head by way of an air tube. The PCAM continuously samples the breathing zone of the user and alarms, almost instantly, if any of the predefined airborne radionuclides are detected. Once an incident is recorded, the sample filter can be analyzed to determine the user’s exposure level.

The PCAM senses radioactivity in the breathing zone of a user by using a filter capable of trapping radioactive particles with a radiation detector mounted adjacent to the filter. The radiation detector is capable of outputting electrical signals when radioactivity is present. A preamplifier is connected to the radiation detector for amplifying the output of the radiation detector. Electronic means receive the amplified output from the preamplifier for outputting a signal when a predetermined level of radioactivity has been exceeded. An air pump pneumatically draws ambient air through the filter.

Benefits of the Technology

  • LANL’s PCAM technology is unique because it is the only alpha particle radionuclide detector that is small, unobtrusive, and able to monitor the breathing zone of the user.
  • Because the PCAM is battery-operated, it can be carried on the user’s body as an independent unit. Current Continuous Air Monitors (CAMs) are difficult to use in areas that are small or have limited access whereit is particularly important to have the PCAM technology because airflow patterns in these areas are not well-defined.
  • The previously mentioned attributes of the PCAM have the potential to open up new opportunities in both the radioactive particulate and Emergency Responder market places. Currently, many groups represented by the previously mentioned market places maintain fixed CAM products.  There is no existing CAM product that can be worn by the user and is able to monitor the radioactive worker’s breathing zone.

Questions for Example 1 –

You are developing a market research plan for performing a Quicklook on the PCAM technology. List the types of primary and secondary sources you would target for research. For each of your targeted types of sources, identify and explain the goals of your research—types of information to gather or information goals of the interviews.

Example 2

You and two friends have formed a company to try and commercialize the previously described Los Alamos PACM technology.

Founders

Founder 1: You – you bring your business training and knowledge of how to package businesses and get them started.

Founder 2: A PhD nuclear physicist who was the original inventor of the Los Alamos technology and who joined the company because she believes she can make significant improvements to the technology and that there is a large market opportunity.

Founder 3: A former sales and marketing executive for a safety company that sells hazardous materials response equipment to government and industry who sees the market potential for this technology in the same markets he sold to previously.

The company has received a license from Los Alamos and has set up shop in Austin, TX. Each of you has put $50,000 into the company to enable production of marketable units in its present state. The technology works and can be sold in its present state of development.The design of the technology from Los Alamos uses certain materials that are costly and make the units too expensive for the largest and broadest target markets. The PhD scientist has a research and development plan to identify and test new materials that she believes will enable the company to hit the lower target unit price for the largest and broadest markets and allow the company to introduce the product widely.

This research and development plan will require approximately $1 million to complete and the PHD scientist expects that upon completion of the research plan, the company will need an additional $3 million to fully scale up production for the new and improved units.

Expected markets based upon your market research are:

  • In the current form and with no progress on the unit cost – Total available annual markets on the order of $10-$20 million with sales to military and specialty hazardous materials response units possible
  • With planned for decrease of unit cost – Total available market on the order of $300-$500 million and markets in the military and civilian nuclear industry worldwide and more general hazardous materials response units at state and local levels

Development plan for the company:

Years 1-2 – Complete the $1 million research plan anticipated to lower the unit cost and open the broader market

Years 2-3 – Bring an additional $3 million to the company to begin production and sales of the lower priced unit. Expect to hire an additional 10 people in Austin

Years 3-4 –Grow the company with a target sales total of $60 million and growing by year 4. Hire as many as 30 people in Austin with sales staff around the US and EU.Look to be acquired by the safety company for whichFounder 3 previously worked for 2-3X revenues.

Questions for Example 2 – Your co-founders are looking to you to formulate the business plan to make your company’s development and marketing plans a reality. Identify and explain/justify what types of funding/cash generation strategies you would suggest as the funding source(s) that the company could use for: (1) the $1 million research plan, and (2) the $3 million expansion plan. If looking to external sources, describe what significant elements about your company/opportunity you would highlight to the targeted funding source(s) to try and close the deal. Why would they fund you?

Example 3 – Read the following example of a new combined PET and MRI machine.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique used in conjunction with small amounts of radiolabeled compounds to visualize anatomy function. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses a very high magnetic field to image the structure of the anatomy to very fine detail. A small company, Tiny Imaging, is close to finalizing development of an imaging device that will combine the abilities of PET to visualize function and MRI to visualize structure. The device will be one of a few machines that can actually combine PET and MRI imaging.

It is the combination of MRI and PET merged in one device which opens up new avenues for researchers and medical doctors. The device would provide high-resolution images of the body structure while simultaneously showing the functional activities occurring in healthy and diseased tissue. This device would enable scientists and doctors to simultaneously analyze the structure and function of the brain down to the molecular level. While MRI differentiates between different types of tissue in the body, PET makes the physiological and biochemical activities of the tissue visible. This combined imaging technique holds out great promise for researchers and doctors to exactly visualize cancerous tissue and plan treatments or review treatment outcomes.

The small company, Tiny Imaging, has discovered that Siemens has developed prototypes of a combined PET and MRI device and is close to launching it in the human medicine market. Siemens sold a few prototypes into the large animal medical research field. Based on market research, it appears that the other two major companies in this medical imaging field (GE and Phillips), are not actively researching a combined PET with MRI device and are far behind Siemens in this development.

Tiny Imaging has identified three potential markets for their combined PET and MRI technology. The three markets are the small animal (rats and mice) medical research market, the large animal (dogs and pigs) pre-clinical medical research market, and the human medicine market. Tiny Imaging has completed market research and knows the following things about the three markets:

Small Animal Research Market –

  • This market is dominated by GE Imaging, Siemens, and Phillips Imaging.
  • This imaging market overall is large ($250 million+/yr) and competition between these large companies is intense because all human drugs need to go through small animal testing and the companies react quickly to competitive moves in this market.
  • Imaging using PET or MRI is a common way to examine the effectiveness of the drugs given to the animals.
  • No company yet has developed a combined PET and MRI device for this market.
  • Market research with key small animal research facilities has indicated moderate interest in a combined PET and MRI device.

Large Animal Research Market –

  • This market is served by the same three companies, GE Imaging, Siemens, and Phillips Imaging.
  • This imaging market is small ($50 million/yr) and many of the machines in this market are specialized and not mass produced.
  • Siemens sold fewer than five experimental combined PET and MRI machines into this market and the machines were well received. However, Siemens has announced that it will not manufacture any more combined PET and MRI machines for this market and will instead focus their combined PET and MRI machine on human medicine.
  • Market research with key large animal research facilities has indicated that many of the large animal research facilities are very interested in a combined PET MRI machine to help them compete for grants and do large animal research.

Human Medicine –

  • This imaging market is huge ($1 billion+/yr) and growing.
  • The market is dominated by GE, Siemens, and Phillips.
  • Siemens has announced that it will soon introduce a human medicine combined PET and MRI device and early adopters are lining up to buy the early devices.
  • Phillips and GE do not have a combined PET and MRI device on the drawing board and appear to be far behind in this development.
  • Market research with key human medicine facilities has indicated cautious interest that could grow rapidly if Siemens’ new devices show significant improved patient outcomes.

Questions1 for Example 3 –For each market identified above, evaluate the potential of the Tiny Imaging technology to be either a disruptive innovation or a sustaining innovation in that market. Explain for each market why the technology could be disruptive or sustaining.

Questions 2 for Example 3

The technology developer of the new combined PET and MRI device, Tiny Imaging, is a small R&D company with minimal commercialization experience. The technology is not yet fully developed and is 1 year away from being ready for first sales. The company has the option of launching in any one of the three markets within a year or licensing the technology to someone else. What path(s) to commercialization and value maximization would you recommend for Tiny Imaging? Defend/justify your choice(s) and identify the potential risks and benefits of your suggested approach.

Example 4 – Read the following example of a solar powered ice generation machine.

Cooling and ice creation solutions are needed for applications where available power is variable due to the nature of its generation. This is typically the case for areas dependent upon alternative energy sources such as wind power or areas where power grids are “loosely controlled” with respect to the quality of power available from the power grid such as in developing countries.

An innovation by a Cedar Park, TX company addresses this issue with an ice creation solution which is highly efficient when variable power loads are present. The preferred embodiment of the invention uses solar power to generate food grade ice. This unique ice generation solution can use solar power and a maintenance free ice unit to produce high quality fresh water ice from seawater or other non-potable water sources.  The ice created can then be used for cold storage purposes or be converted to clean drinking water. The preferred embodiment produces 1 ton of ice per day for a unit that costs $100,000 and requires no trained operators or expensive maintenance and no consumables other than water and sunlight.

The nature of this solution allows for ice creation to occur in a variety of areas where conventional ice making solutions are considered problematic due to minimal or low quality available power and/or no access to clean water. This is significant as the availability of ice can serve multiple purposes ranging from medical and food preservation to personal consumption.

The developing company is interested in commercializing the technology but they are small and don’t have extensive commercialization experience. They have identified three markets for their device.

Potential MarketsMarket Benefits
Developing countries, development programs, and medical services providersLower costs through prevention of food spoilage as lost food, and foundation for added economic development (commerce)Path to market likely works with aid groups and governments to deploy units
US FEMAResponse  Lower health costs by transitioning high quality ice into potable “clean” water that may also aid in the prevention of water borne illnesses.Lower costs associated with quicker disaster recoveryLower costs through prevention of medicine spoilageLower costs through prevention of food spoilageLow cost solution for medical requirements associated with storage and medical procedures
MilitaryIncreased efficiency as ice is a motivator for hydration which supports health and force readiness requirements (lowers force readiness costs)Supplemental source for potable water
  

Questions 1 for Example 4 – Do any of the market approaches appear to offer the possibility of disruption? Why or why not?

Questions 2 for Example 4- The technology developer of the solar ice machine is a small R&D company with minimal commercialization experience. What would you suggest as paths to the commercial market for the technology for each of the 3 specified markets (licensing to an existing player or a spin-out company focused on commercialization of this technology with an appropriately experienced team)? Explain your choices and the potential risks and benefits of your suggested approach for each of the 3 markets.

Example 5

A seed stage company has been formed around a licensed technology that has been developed using $10 million in federal funds. The technology is a very early stage biotech product that has shown effectiveness in treating hemorrhagic shockin small studies on rabbits. It has been discovered by a leading researcher at a major university. It is many years away from product sales and has not gone through any formal trials. The belief is that the drug could treat hemorrhagic shock even after the trauma and shock has begun in the injured patient. Shock is a major problem for trauma patients and a major cause of death. The company estimates that the US market is a potential annual market of over$500 million. No drug treatment for shock post injury exists and patients have limited treatment options.

Patents have been filed on the technology, and initial feedback from the patent office has been positive but the patents are not yet issued. The seed stage company has licensed the patent-pending technology from the university. The company has one employee, the CEO, who is a former Business Director from a large drug development company. The innovator will not join the company but will continue to do company directed research on the technology. The innovator has a history of successful products moving into commercialization, including one product with $800 million in annual sales that is the leader in its drug category. The innovator remains at the university and is a technical advisor to the company. The company has $50,000 cash on hand and is trying to raise a $1 million first round of funding to continue the development of the technology and hit a key FDA approval milestone.

Questions for Example 5 – As part of the fundraising process, the company has entered into negotiations with a group of angel investors to invest in the company. The company is seeking a $1 million investment. What is your estimate of an appropriate starting valuation (pre-investment) for the company and why?

Which plan should the managed care company offer to the buyer consortium?

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6. What is the premium for the low-cost  plan? 
(Note: This plan will have the highest copays and lowest service thresholds.)

7. Which plan should the managed care company offer to the buyer consortium? 

1. Historical data indicate that the covered population uses 500 inpatient days of acute careservices per 1,000 members. Furthermore, the consortium’s current average daily payment forinpatient services is $1,400. However, the managed care company’s data indicate thatutilization management could reduce utilization into the 400-450 day range and that hospitalswithin the state currently have managed care plan contracts with per diem rates of $1,000 to$1,200. With this information in hand, calculate the appropriate base PMPM for inpatientservices.

When developing premiums, the base PMPMs must reflect the best expectations of the plan, as
opposed to blindly accepting historical data. Of  course, such expectations are based on historical
utilization and cost data, but if actions taken by the plan, such as tightened utilizationmanagement or more aggressive provider contracting, mean that the historical data are invalid,
then these changes must be incorporated into the rate  setting process.

Here, we assume that the HMO has a good chance of attaining the utilization andcontract rates that it has experienced, so the base inpatient acute care PMPM is based oninpatient utilization of 425 days per 1,000 members and a $1,100 per diem rate. Thus, the annualutilization per member is 425 / 1,000 = 0.425 days per year, producing an annual cost permember of 0.425 x$1,100 = $467.50. Thus, the monthly PMPM is $467.50 / 12 = $38.96. Notethat the model automatically calculates this amount when the $1,100 per diem rate and 0.425days per member annual utilization are entered into the appropriate cells.

2. What are the appropriate base PMPM costs for the remaining facilities services, includingskilled nursing home, mental health, surgical, and emergency room utilization?

The fee-for-service approach that was used in Question 1 is also applied here.

For skilled nursing care, utilization is 0.0252 days per member per year, and the currentaverage daily cost is $650, for an annual per member rate of 0.0252 x$650 = $16.38. Thus, themonthly PMPM is $16.38 / 12 = $1.37. Note that the model  automatically calculates this amount when the $650 daily cost and 0.0252 days per member annual utilization are entered into theappropriate cells.

For inpatient mental health care, utilization is 0.0644 days per member per year, and the current average daily cost is $740, for a PMPM of (0.0644 x$740) / 12 = $3.97. Note that themodel automatically calculates this amount. 

For hospital-based surgery, utilization is 0.0417 surgeries per member per year, and thecurrent average cost is $1,800 per case, for a PMPM of (0.0417 x$1,800) / 12 = $6.26. Note thatthe model automatically calculates this amount.

For emergency room care, utilization is 0.132 visits per member per year, and the currentaverage cost is $250 per visit, for a PMPM of (0.132 x$250) / 12 = $2.75. Note that the modelautomatically calculates this amount.

Facilities services  not listed in the preceding paragraphs were calculated in a similarmanner. (See the model for details.)

3. Now, focus your attention on physician services. What are the base PMPM costs for physician
services, including  primary care services and specialist office visits?

The budgetary approach is used for primary care physicians. Because each primary care physician
is assumed to handle 4,000 patient visits, and utilization is expected to be 3.4 visits per member,
each physician can be assigned 4,000 / 3.4 = 1,176.47 members. Assuming annual reimbursement
of $200,000, the PMPM cost is $200,000 / 1,176.47 / 12 = $14.17.

Specialist’s office visit costs are estimated using the fee-for-service approach. Here, eachmember has 1.5 visits per year at a cost of $92.65 per visit, for a PMPM of (1.5 x$92.65) / 12 =$11.58. Both these amounts are calculated in the model.

4. Use the data developed in Questions 1 through 3, along with other required inputs, to complete
the Exhibit 5.1 Premium Development Worksheet assuming that a moderate approach is taken
regarding the delivery of health services. Consider this premium to be the base case.

The base (moderate cost) case solution is presented on the next page. In general, moderate (midrange)
limitations are place on mental health care services and moderate copays are assessed.The final result is a PMPM of $129.48, which further breaks down into a monthly premium of
$157.45 for single subscribers and a family premium of $434.54.

Note that the solution shown here assumes a 5 percent inflation rate in both medical andother costs associated with the contract. This allows for cost increases that are expected to occurbetween the data collection used to develop the bid  and the actual implementation of the contract.

Also, note that the amount that needs to be collected (based on 75,000 total members) is
75,000 x$129.48 = $9,711,000. Furthermore, the premiums collected are expected to be (12,000 x
$157.45) + (18,000 x$434.54) = $1,889,400 + $7,821,720 = $9,711,120, so the premium amounts
generate the requisite revenues (with a small rounding difference).

Finally, note that students will have different solutions depending on how they define themoderate scenario. However, most students will develop a PMPM within a few dollars of the onepresented here. Here are the limitations and copays used in the base case solution:

Mental health coverage is limited to 60 days.
Copays are as follows:
Acute inpatient care $150 per admission
Mental health inpatient care $150 per admission
Inpatient surgical services $100 per procedure
Emergency care $ 25 per visit
Primary physician care $ 15 per visit
Specialist physician care $ 10 per visit plus $10 PCP copay

**See attached Excel file with the model completed for this base case.**

5. Now complete the worksheet for the high-cost plan. (Note: This plan will have the lowestcopays and highest service thresholds.)

Here are the limitations and copays use is this solution:
Mental health coverage is limited to 90 days.
There  are no copays with this plan.

6. What is the premium for the low-cost plan? (Note: This plan will have the highest copays andlowest service thresholds.)

Again, there is some room for differences among analyses.

7. Which plan should the managed care company offer to the buyer consortium?

Here is a review of the results:

PMPM Single Premium Family Premium

Low-cost plan $118.32 $143.88 $397.08
Moderate-cost plan $129.48 $157.45 $434.54
High-cost plan $142.49 $173.27 $478.19

Although these differences may or may not appear substantial to you, don’t forget that these are
monthly premiums based on 75,000 employees (covered lives). Here are the total annual
premiums:

Total Annual Premium

Low-cost plan $106,488,000
Moderate-cost plan $116,532,000
High-cost plan $128,241,000

Here, we see that the plans differ in total premiums by over $10 million dollars between the least
costly to the most costly. 6. What is the premium for the low-cost plan? 
(Note: This plan will have the highest copays and lowest service thresholds.)

7. Which plan should the managed care company offer to the buyer consortium? 

THESE ARE THE QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED, THE 2 TWO BELOW #6 AND 7

6. What is the premium for the low-cost plan? 
(Note: This plan will have the highest copay and lowest service thresholds.)

7. Which plan should the managed care company offer to the buyer consortium?

Business proposal/ networking/advocacy

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Business proposal/ networking/advocacy

medi+WORLD    AUSTRALIA provides Medical Education and is a Publisher of Medical journals, especially Middle East journals.

The business proposal that I need to put together is to propose to the Jordanian Ministry of Health or Jordanian Medical Association. to develop a network or some type of calibration with medi+WORLD MMU AUSTRALIA that provides Medical Education and Publishing of Medical journals, especially Middle East journals, for the members of the Jordanian Ministry of Health or Jordanian Medical Association to provide them with Australian Standard Strategies that will be proposed providing them with medical education online and hands on with appropriate facilities, supervisor, educators within their homeland country to reduce the cost . Currently Jordanian doctors are using our services at full cost the benefits of the business arrangement is to enhance and provide the member of the Jordanian Ministry of Health or Jordanian Medical Association at a cost effective by developing the network between the Jordanian Ministry of Health or Jordanian Medical Association and medi+WORLD AUSTRALIA and at the same time to help Jordanian doctors if the wish to migrate to Australian or travel to study in Australian they will not find any difficulties to Adapting to the Australian system and passing the Australian medical examination

MMU has been set up to provide Governments, Ministries of Health and health departments and education authorities, with access to highest standard medical education at greatly reduced costs due to the combination of multimedia and distance education. MMU therefore provides the opportunity to bring countries and doctors up to modern medical standards at reduced costs and shorter timeframes.

MMU already provides full national medical education services and works with key education and government stakeholders.

While MMU offers traditional medical courses via distance education – thus alleviating costs of travel and accommodation – it also provides strategic medical education and

intensive medical education to overcome global shortages of trained medical personnel. All programs are authored by top medical academics in their field, mainly from developed nations and reviewed for doctors and patients in developing nations.

Costs to participating practitioners are greatly reduced due to strategic delivery methods, while maintaining and promoting highest global standards.

The three tier pricing structure is based on World Bank 2005 Purchase Price Parity (PPP) and are indicated as:

Low Income nations
Middle Income nations
High Income nations
Conversely, and this is our biggest area, we provide world CME on a national basis. This is to bring national doctors up to developed world standard plus, provide what we deem as the 20-30% missing medical education. Medical education in disease (e.g. leprosy) that no longer exists in developed countries and medical education where the doctor has no diagnostic equipment and the patient cannot afford the tests or medicines prescribed.

World CME addresses these issues and our Nepal program includes about 30% of such CME on local (socio-economic) conditions. It also respects all cultures; religions etc .Pakistan is now also using the same programs. Their medical educators are reviewing it first (we recommend a slight re-word using local names, terminology, etc) and they have found that where the CME has not equated to the practice of medicine in Pakistan they have decided to change the practice, not the education. This is a heartening result.

We have also done a national CM program for Indonesia and we did one for Iraqi doctors ( during ‘the war’) but we couldn’t get it in on a national basis – we just let them use it for their own self education, and we set up a laptops.

We had official national trials with the CME program in Nepal. Results were interesting. The doctors had access to a laptop or computer to do the electronic based programs but the biggest deterrent was/is that the power only stays on for about 4 hours a day. The computer based CME was deemed a success.

The (best) formula we found for authoring the ‘missing CME’ was using western educated doctors who had spent at least 5 years working in the Nepal medical system.

The other thing we do/have done – we have just completed a Moodle version of it and have about 2,500 universities worldwide using it as formal oncology curriculum – is the ASO program we do for the UN. we mention this as it was mostly was a strategic project. Our original multimedia program had to be able to ‘play on any computer in the world’ and the most interesting aspect was that it had no locality/geography and the most interesting brief was that we had to ‘educate without teaching’ and assume no prior knowledge. To do something for Jordan we really need to look at all sorts of demographics, needs surveys etc (or conduct them) to do it excellently.