Discuss the underlying principles related to the psychologists’ duty to document and maintain documentation related to their professional services. Describe the guidelines that determine what should be documented.

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Assignment should be approx. 1 page per question.

Entire assignment should be 4-6 pages, plus a title and reference page

6.  Telepsychology is an emerging area of practice. To be in compliance with Standard 3.04, what factors must a psychologist consider in order avoid harming the client.

7.  Dr. Jones has been working with a 14-year female for a few months. The adolescent has just revealed that she has been engaging in self-injurious behavior, cutting, for the past month. The client also revealed that her parents are unaware of her behavior. Discuss the ethical dilemma that Dr. Jones must address, and steps she might consider in deciding whether and how to disclose confidential information.

8.  A major hurricane has swept through Dr. Borden’s small rural town. There were many casualties and loss of life. Many of the residents have gathered in the community center. Dr. Borden has decided to go to the community center and offer his services to the individuals in the center. Discuss the ethical responsibilities Dr. Borden has under Standard 5.06.

9.  Discuss the underlying principles related to the psychologists’ duty to document and maintain documentation related to their professional services. Describe the guidelines that determine what should be documented.

10.  Health care insurers often deny insurance reimbursement for certain DSM classifications that are common among clients served by psychologists. Discuss the ethical issues related to upcoding a disorder in order to obtain reimbursement for services.

How does this apply to our legal system? Do you still have faith in eyewitness testimony during a trial?

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Study More Efficiently by Using some of the Memory Concepts (Assignment 1)
Go to http://www.adprima.com/studyout.htm
Or similar web site on more efficient studying.
Scroll down to “Strategies”, and pick one that seems to appeal to you.
Relate the specific strategy to one of the major memory principles in the text.
You may wish to actually try the strategy on something that you have to learn for a course.
Post your two or three paragraphs in the Discussion Forum provided. Extra credit if you actually tried it out, and include a short report of its effectiveness for you.

  
Conditioning at Mickey D’s  (Assignment 2)
What do parents do, at a fast food restaurant, to encourage desirable behaviors and discourage undesirable behaviors? Are the principles of operant conditioning being used? You are to visit any fast food restaurant (McDonald’s, Burger King, Arby’s, Wendy’s, Taco Bell, etc.) You are to observe how parents use the principles of operant conditioning, where they misuse them, and where they fail to use them but should. You can observe in the main dining area or the play area, if they have one, or both. You may not include any drive up observations. Then briefly describe one outstanding example for any three of the following categories. You can use three different subjects or use one subject for more than one example. You only need one OUTSTANDING (clear, definite) example for each of the three principles you choose.
There will be three sections to your paper. 
Section 1 – Description of restaurant (including if it has a play area), date and time of observation.
Section 2 – Three observations. Each observation labeled with principle of operant conditioning at the beginning. Description of ss (adults and children) including an estimate of age, gender, race. What did you observe that demonstrated the principle being discussed? How effective was the technique?
Section 3 – Comments, including misuse or failure to use, questions that came up, surprises.
PRINCIPLES: Any three of the following four.
1. Positive reinforcement of DESIRED behaviors.
2. Negative reinforcement for failing to show DESIRED behaviors.
3. Punishment for UNDESIRED behaviors.
4. Extinction of UNDESIRED behaviors by withdrawing attention or reinforcing stimuli.

  
  
Eyewitness Testimony Assignment (Assignment 3)
First, read about Elizabeth Loftus and eyewitness testimony on pages 228-229. 
Then go to Elizabeth Loftus’ webpage and read “Our Changeable Memories: Legal and Practical Implications.” 
Next, go to Psychology Professor, Gary Wells, homepage on eyewitness memory. When you get there click on the “Click here to take the Wells eyewitness test” and take the short test. (Note: it moved a little slow when we did it so be patient). 
After taking the Wells test, go to some of the links on Wells page and read the news stories and articles on eyewitness testimony.
Now, after you have done your research write two page paper about eyewitness testimony and memory. Here are some questions to think about to help you get started:

How accurate is eyewitness      testimony?
What are the problems with      eyewitness testimony as it relates to memories?
Can people actually have      false memories? What could cause this?
What are the implications      for society? 
How does this apply to our      legal system? Do you still have faith in eyewitness testimony during a      trial?

Enjoy your research and we look forward to reading your papers!

  
Schedules of Reinforcement Assignment (Assignment 4)
Go to http://www.psychology.uiowa.edu/Faculty/wasserman/Glossary/schedules.html
and your text for a review of the various schedules of reinforcement.
The two dimentions along which to vary the availability of reinforcement are TIME and Number of Responses.
Interval schedules are based on time passing, like a weekly pay check (Fixed interval).
Ratio schedules are based on the number of responses that an organism makes.
The literature suggests that behavior is partially determined by the schedule of reinforcement that we use. With kids, training dogs, or with our spouse or work peers, often the WAY we give a reward is as important as the reward itself. Can you apply this to your everyday life?
Using whatever resources are available to you, give an example and determine the ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT:
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
Fixed Interval Schedule
Fixed Ratio Schedule
Variable Ratio Schedule

Create a research hypothesis or brief clinical case scenario in which you must select an instrument to measure intolerance for uncertainty.

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Ethical and Professional Issues in Psychology Testing
Prior to beginning work on this assignment, please read the required textbook chapters and articles for this week.
Create a PowerPoint presentation with 16 to 20 slides (not including the title and reference slides) entitled Ethical and Professional Issues in Psychological Testing. Your presentation must provide 2 to 3 slides for each of the required topics and include appropriate citations of your referenced sources. Separate reference slides, which follow APA formatting guidelines for a References page, must be included at the end of the presentation. You must create your own template and organize your presentation in the sequence provided. Do not use a font smaller than 20 pt. You are encouraged to insert relevant figures and graphics. Make sure to appropriately cite any images you use. If you include a table or figure from a journal article, cite it according to APA guidelines. The notes section of each slide must include the text for oral comments you would make while presentating the materials to a live audience.
References must be cited according to APA guidelines as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. For assistance with creating a visually engaging and readable presentation, you may review Garr Reynolds’s tips for creating presentations.
The presentation must cover each of the following topics in the order presented below.
The Ethical and Social Implications of Testing

Provide an overview and brief evaluation of the ethical and social implications of psychological assessment.

Professional Responsibilities

Describe the responsibilities of both test publishers and test users.

Testing Individuals Representing Cultural and Linguistic Diversity

Analyze and describe issues related to the testing of cultural and linguistic minorities.

Reliability

Explain the common sources of measurement error and how measurement error can impact reliability.

Validity 

Create a diagram or figure to compare the types of validity discussed in the textbook.
Describe the extravalidity concerns related to testing.
Review the articles by Fergus (2013), Kosson, et al. (2013) and Mathieu, Hare, Jones, Babiak, & Neumann (2013). Analyze the information presented in these articles on factor analysis and describe how it is used to validate the constructs of the instruments.

Clinical Versus Statistical Prediction

Compare clinical and statistical prediction of mental health decisions based on the work of Ægisdóttir, et al. (2006) and Grove & Lloyd (2006).

Application One: An Ethical and Professional Quandry

Select one of the Ethical and Professional Quandries in Testing from Case Exhibit 1.2 in your textbook and describe the ethical issues specific to the scenario you selected. Include an analysis of the relevant principles from Standard 9 in the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct
Taking on the role of the psychologist or counselor in the chosen scenario, describe how you might respond to the challenge you selected and provide a brief rationale for your decision.

Application Two: Evidence-Based Medicine

Summarize Youngstrom’s (2013) recommendations for linking assessment directly to clinical decision making in evidence-based medicine.
Elaborate on each of Youngstrom’s recommendations by providing practical examples that illustrate the relevance of the recommendations in a clinical setting.

Application Three: Selecting Valid Instruments

Create a research hypothesis or brief clinical case scenario in which you must select an instrument to measure intolerance for uncertainty.
Use the information in the Fergus (2013) article to support which measure to use.

The presentation

Must consist of 16 to 20 slides (not including title and reference slides) that are formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate title slide with the following:

Title of presentation
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted

Must use the assigned chapters in the course text, Standard 9 from the American Psychological Association’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, and the 3 required peer-reviewed articles assigned for Week One.
Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include separate reference slides formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Compare and contrast the differences between leadership and management.

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Write 2–3 pages to support a job application in which you provide your definition of leadership, how it can positively impact an organization, and how it’s different from management.
In the 21st century, the study of leadership is multidisciplinary, with contributions from the fields of history, philosophy, psychology, political science, business, and education (Northouse, 2007). There are almost as many definitions of leadership as there are people who have tried to define it. Although we intuitively know what the word means, it has different meaning for different people. Manning and Curtis (2012) explained, “Leadership is social influence. It means leaving a mark. It is initiating and guiding, and the result is change” (p. 2).

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

Competency 1: Evaluate the purpose and relevance of leadership.

Develop a definition of leadership.
Explain how leadership can positively impact an organization.

Competency 2: Evaluate how leadership strengths apply in the workplace and within the community.

Explain a strategy to develop leadership skills.
Develop a definition of management.
Explain the differences between leadership and management.

 
For this assessment, consider that you are a successful middle manager in an organization that has an executive level position open. The human resources department is leading an internal search for that opening and considers leadership strengths as key to the position. As part of the application process for candidates interested in the opening, they asked each candidate to submit a short paper explaining the candidate’s views of leadership.
To complete your paper, research the definition of leadership and consider how the definitions you find match your own ideas of what leadership means. The organization’s HR department indicated the paper should be around 2–3 pages. They also provided the following outline to use in preparing the paper:

Create a definition of leadership and support it with examples.
Analyze how leadership can positively impact an organization and provide supporting examples.
Develop and analyze a personal strategy to develop leadership skills, including why you think it is effective.
Explain your personal strategy to develop leadership skills.
Create a definition of management and support it with examples.
Compare and contrast the differences between leadership and management.

Based on the intended audience, your summary should be well organized and written in clear, succinct language. Follow APA rules for attributing sources that support your analysis and conclusions.

use the following transcript to write the paper 
Most leadership courses discuss ways to improve the leader. Topics include developing more effective interpersonal skills, liaison abilities, motivational skills, and the like. While such skills are very important elements in expanding leader effectiveness, they are not enough.
You see, leadership is more than just a leader’s traits, attributes, skills, or abilities. Leadership is a relationship between leaders and followers. As the saying goes, if you think you are leading and look over your shoulder to find no one there, you are just out for a Sunday walk. Effective leaders lead different people differently. As Ken Blanchard wrote in Leadership and the One Minute Manager, “There is nothing so unequal as the equal treatment of unequals” (p. 33). Effective leaders take the appropriate time to understand the individual needs, skills, and maturity of their constituents.
There is an another aspect regarding the relationship between leaders and followers. While the word followermay imply a passive role, being a follower is hardly passive. Followers play an active role in the leadership process. They must be willing to learn and improve themselves and be open to new ideas and change. Most important, they must be willing to actively engage in the leadership process themselves. As leadership is about influence at any level, followers sometimes lead and leaders sometimes follow.
The process toward effective leadership does not stop here. Have you ever observed a leader use the same leadership style with similar constituents and enjoy success with one group but failure with the other? Effective leaders understand that leadership is a relationship among leaders, followers, and context. Context may be a situation, circumstance, event, person, or even era. Context may refer to societal, organizational, or other cultural perspectives. Context also may be viewed in terms of how leaders influence—organizationally, in a group, or one-on-one.
No leadership skill or set of skills will work with every audience in every context. Effective leaders understand that leadership is action. It is making positive influence with a thoughtful understanding of behavior and skills of the leader, needs and expectations of the follower, and the context of the potential intervention.