Describe the similarities between the pathophysiology

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Integrate what you have learned and practice applying exemplar process to other similar diseases. These items are based on class presentations and learning throughout the course. Answers should be roughly 1-2 paragraphs (1/4-1/2 of a page) or you may create a flow chart for each question item. These should be easier to answer after the presentations but can be done prior to if the student prefers. Describe the similarities between the pathophysiology of the following:1. Rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis.2. Tuberculosis and histoplasmosis.3. Multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Describe how obstructive sleep apnea leads to the following:4. Myocardial infarction.5. Childhood hyperactivity.

Analyze factors that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in clients requiring bipolar therapy

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Bipolar disorder is a unique disorder that causes shifts in mood and energy, which results in depression and mania for clients. Proper diagnosis of this disorder is often a challenge for two reasons: 1) clients often present as depressive or manic, but may have both; and 2) many symptoms of bipolar disorder are similar to other disorders. Misdiagnosis is common, making it essential for you to have a deep understanding of the disorder’s pathophysiology. For this Assignment, as you examine the client case study in this week’s Learning Resources, consider how you might assess and treat clients presenting with bipolar disorder.
Learning Objectives
Students will:

Assess client factors and history to develop personalized plans of bipolar therapy for clients
Analyze factors that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in clients requiring bipolar therapy
Evaluate efficacy of treatment plans
Analyze ethical and legal implications related to prescribing bipolar therapy to clients across the lifespan ..

 
The Assignment
Examine Case Study: An Asian American Woman With Bipolar Disorder. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this client. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the client’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.
At each decision point stop to complete the following:

Decision #1

Which decision did you select?
Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?

Decision #2

Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?

Decision #3

Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
 you can use my sample/ edit or do a new assignment. 

Based on your research of the strengths and limitations, again reflect on whether or not you would support hormone replacement therapy.

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In recent years, hormone replacement therapy has become a controversial issue. When prescribing therapies, advanced practice nurses must weigh the strengths and limitations of the prescribed supplemental hormones. If advanced practice nurses determine that the limitations outweigh the strengths, then they might suggest alternative treatment options such as herbs or other natural remedies, changes in diet, and increase in exercise.
Consider the following scenario:

As an advanced practice nurse at a      community health clinic, you often treat female (and sometimes male      patients) with hormone deficiencies. One of your patients requests that      you prescribe supplemental hormones. This poses the questions: How will      you determine what kind of treatment to suggest? What patient factors      should you consider? Are supplemental hormones the best option for the      patient, or would they benefit from alternative treatments?

To prepare:

Review Chapter 56 of the Arcangelo      and Peterson text, as well as the Holloway and Makinen and Huhtaniemi      articles in the Learning Resources.
Review the provided scenario and      reflect on whether or not you would support hormone replacement therapy.
Locate and review additional articles      about research on hormone replacement therapy for women and/or men.      Consider the strengths and limitations of hormone replacement therapy.
Based on your research of the      strengths and limitations, again reflect on whether or not you would      support hormone replacement therapy.
Consider whether you would prescribe      supplemental hormones or recommend alternative treatments to patients with      hormone deficiencies.

With these thoughts in mind:
Post a description of the strengths and limitations of hormone replacement therapy. Based on these strengths and limitations, explain why you would or why you would not support hormone replacement therapy. Explain whether you would prescribe supplemental hormones or recommend alternative treatments to patients with hormone deficiencies and why.
This work should have Introduction and conclusion
– This work should have at 3 to 5current references (Year 2012 and up)
– Use at least 2 references from class Learning Resources
The following Resources are not acceptable:
1. Wikipedia
2. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section
3. Webmd.com
4. Mayoclinic.com
Required Readings
Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Chapter 33, “Prostatic      Disorders and Erectile Dysfunction” (pp. 527-544)
     This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, and drug treatment of      four disorders: prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate      cancer, and erectile dysfunction. It also explores the importance of      monitoring patient response and patient education.
Chapter 34, “Overactive      Bladder” (pp. 545-564)
     This chapter describes the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria,      and evaluation of overactive bladder. It also outlines the process of      initiating, administering, and managing drug treatment for this disorder.
Chapter 55, “Contraception”      (pp. 959-970)
     This chapter examines various methods of contraception and covers drug      interactions, selecting the most appropriate agent, and monitoring patient      response to contraceptions.
Chapter 56, “Menopause” (pp.      971-994)
     This chapter presents various options for menopausal hormone therapy and      examines the strengths and limitations of each form of therapy.
Chapter 57, “Osteoporosis” (pp.      985-994)
     This chapter covers various options for treating osteoporosis. It also      describes proper dosages, potential adverse reactions, and special      considerations of each drug.
Chapter 58, “Vaginitis” (pp. 995-1006)
     This chapter examines various causes of vaginitis and explores the      diagnostic criteria and methods of treatment for the disorder.

Holloway, D. (2010). Clinical update on hormone replacement therapy. British Journal of Nursing, 19(8), 496–504
This article examines the purpose, components, and administration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It also presents benefits, risks, potential side effects, and alternative treatment options of HRT.
Mäkinen, J. I., & Huhtaniemi, I. (2011). Androgen replacement therapy in late-onset hypogonadism: Current concepts and controversies—A mini-review. Gerontology, 57(3), 193–202. 
This article examines the role of testosterone levels in the development of hypogonadism. It also explores health issues that are impacted by testosterone levels and the role of testosterone replacement therapy.
Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/
This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2014). The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Section 2. Recommendations for Adults. Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/clinicians-providers/guidelines-recommendations/guide/section2.html
This website lists various preventive services available for men and women and provides information about available screenings, tests, preventive medication, 

Compare emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

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comment1
Mucor is a fungus, a specie of moulds commonly found in the soil, plant surfaces, rotten foods and in the digestive system. (Mucor- Wikipedia).
Pathophysiology:  Fungus usually affect people whose immune system has been compromised/weakened by other health conditions, healthy people can also be affected. It mostly affects the sinuses or the lungs by inhalation of the fungal pores in the air. It can also enter through an impaired skin integrity such as cuts, scrapes, burns or trauma. (Mucormycosis|Fungal Disease|CDC, 2015). Reactivation of latent infection can also, result in fungal pneumonia. Once the fungi is in the alveoli it can travel in the spaces between the cells and adjacent alveoli via connecting pores. Invasion of the fungi in the alveoli triggers the immune response to send out neutrophils from WBCs to attack the microorganism. The neutrophils destroy the attacking organism but then release cytokines in that process leading to general activation of immune system causing the fever, fatigue and chiles noted in fungal or bacterial pneumonia. The alveoli is then filled up with the fluid leaked from surrounding blood vessels and neutrophils causing an impairment in gas exchange. (Fungal Pneumonia-Wikipedia).

Comment2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the coexistence of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Compare emphysema and chronic bronchitis. What are the hallmark assessment findings for each? What should your patient teaching include? How does COPD affect the hematologic system? Describe the pathophysiology.