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DNA 1
DNA vaccination is a promising new approach for the prevention and treatment of many diseases because of its ability to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses against antigens encoded by recombinant DNA. This strategy has been used successfully for infectious diseases and potentially can be applied for malignant conditions.
Although, DNA vaccines have a number of disadvantages such as Risk of affecting genes controlling cell growth, they also have a several of advantages over conventional vaccines which one of the most important is the ability to induce a wide range of immune response types. In fact, several approaches have been investigated to improve DNA vaccines including plasmid design, delivery techniques, ect. The goals of the various clinical trials were to demonstrate the safety and tolerability of the candidate vaccines, and to explore the efficacy of DNA vaccines in humans.
This presentation focuses on how DNA vaccines work as well as the mechanisms by which DNA vaccination induces immune responses and some representative DNA cancer vaccine studies ( at phases 1&2) .An overview of the human clinical trials is also presented.
www.scancell.co.uk/AssetLibrary/Antibodies designed as effective cancer vaccines.
www.uiowa.edu/ Prostate cancer vaccines-Update on clinical development.
www.biomedcentral/DNA Vaccines: Developing New Strategies against Cancer.
www.bion.Regulation of DNA vaccines and gene therapy on animals.pdf
www.sciencedirect.com
www.nature.com
www.biolife.com

What does just-in-time inventory management have to do with the Carle Heart Center in Urbana, Illinois?

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What does just-in-time inventory management have to do with the Carle Heart Center in Urbana, Illinois? The Carle Heart Center is one of the most sophisticated cardiac-care facilities in the Midwest. Integral to the success of Carle are three separate cardiac catheterization labs that are miles apart. These cath labs have pioneered techniques and technologies ranging from intravascular brachytherapy to digital cardiovascular imaging. The latest addition to this forward-thinking heart care center is a department-wide networking system from General Electric Medical Systems called CardioLink. Part of the CardioLink is a just-in-time inventory system. According to Carle’s Cath Lab Manager Alan Kettelkamp, “Department- wide access to our Lab Management Tools not only eliminates the need for maintaining individual inventory systems for each lab, it also allows us to apply just-in-time techniques. We simply push a button to see which supplies are below our par levels, by vendor. Our inventory specialists can then print out replenishment orders and fax them out for next-day shipment. We’re even able to enter the replenishments into our system with a bar-code reader. This system has perfected our order-management process, and it has allowed us to reduce our total inventory significantly.”
1. What are the benefits of the just-in-time inventory management system to Carle’s Cath Lab?
2. What do you think would be a “safe” inventory level for Carle’s Cath Lab? Is it 3 or 4 days as with Dell, or is it longer?
3. In what other critical service areas besides health care would a just- in-time inventory management system prove beneficial?

How closely is the literature reviewed in the study related to the previous literature?

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REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH

1. How closely is the literature reviewed in the study related to the previous literature?
2. Is the review recent? Are there any outstanding references you know about that were left out?

PROBLEM AND THE PURPOSE

3. Can you understand the statement of the problem?
4. Is the purpose of the study clearly stated?
5. Does the pupose seem to be tied to the literature that is reviewed?
6. Is the objective of the study clearly stated?
7. Is there a conceptual rationale to which the hypotheses are grounded?
8. Is there a rational for why the study is an important one to do?

HYPOTHESES

9. Are the research hypotheses clearly stated?
10. Are the research hypotheses explicitly stated?
11. Do the hoypotheses state a clear association between variables?
12. Are the hypotheses grounded in theory or in a review and presentation of relevant literature?
13. Are the hypotheses testable?

METHOD

14. Are the independent and dependent variables clearly defined?
15. Are the definition and description of the variables complete?
16. Is it clear how the study was conducted?

SAMPLE

17. Was the sample selected in such a way that you think it is representative of the population?
18. Is it clear where the sample came from and how it was selected?
19. How similar are the subjects in the study to those that have been used in other similar studies?

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

20. Does the author relate the results to the review of the literature?
21. Are the results related to the hypotheses?
22. Is the discussion of the results consistent with the results?
23. Does the discussion provide closure to the initial hypotheses presented by the author?

REFERENCES

24. Is the list of references current?
25. Are the refences consistent in their format?
26. Are the references complete?
27. Does the list of references reflect some of the most important reference sources in the field?

Pathophysiology template Complete a pathophysiology template for an ischaemic stroke that affects the dominant left cerebral hemisphere

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3.3 Assessment details

Assessment 1: Case Study

Weighting: 40% Word count: 1250 words Due date: Friday 30th August, 2013 at 5pm Submission details: Refer to Submission Requirements (p.16) Marking
criteria and standards: See pages 12 – 14. Aim of assessment The purpose of this assessment is for the student, by analysing information from a case study,
demonstrate knowledge of the pathophysiological processes involved in health breakdown affecting alterations in work/leisure specifically resulting from a
stroke. The student will also discuss pharmacological concepts related to the case study. Details Review the case study: Mr Black (detailed below) Complete
the pathophysiological template (Part 1) for an ischaemic stroke that has affected the left dominant cerebral hemisphere and answer three questions. To
complete the template you must summarise the relevant information for each component. This summary may consist of a combination of sentences, flow diagrams
and dot points where relevant. The information in the template must be accurately referenced using the APA referencing style.

Part 2. Three questions are to be answered using correct sentence structure, paragraphs, grammar and spelling. Your answers must be accurately referenced
using the APA referencing style

Length: Pathophysiology template 400 words Answers to questions 850 words Date due: Friday 30th August, 2013 at 5pm

CASE STUDY Mr Black, a 61 year old businessman was watching the 7pm television news when he developed sudden onset of difficulty in speaking and drooping
of the right side of his mouth. He was not able to lift his right arm or stand up. His wife immediately called the ambulance. The paramedics, using the
FAST protocol assessed Mr Black as having had a stroke and transported him to a hospital with an acute stroke thrombolysis centre. He was admitted to the
Emergency Department at 8pm.

History obtained from wife. Mr Black was diagnosed with hypertension 10 years ago for which he takes Metopropol daily. He smokes about one packet of
cigarettes/day and drinks alcohol socially. There is no history of serious illnesses or allergies. His father died of a heart attack at the age of 60.

400815 ? Alterations in Breathing, Work/Leisure and Mobility Learning Guide ? Spring 2013

?School of Nursing and Midwifery Page 10 of 22 University of Western Sydney

Vital signs BP 150/80 mmHg Pulse 90bpm and regular Respirations 20 breaths/minute Temperature 36.5? C SaO2 95%

Neurological examination Pupils equal – 2mm and reactive to light Right facial droop Paralysis of right arm and weakness of the right leg Normal strength
in the left arm and leg Decreased sensation on right side of the body Right knee and ankle reflexes moderately brisk compared with those on the left
Plantar response is extensor on the right and flexor on the left Difficulty with speech ? repeats yes to all questions

Laboratory tests Full blood count ? all values within normal range Blood glucose level ? 6.5 mmol/L Electrolytes, urea and creatinine ? all values within
normal range ECG ? normal sinus rhythm

CT brain scan (2hours from symptom onset) No intracranial haemorrhage or mass lesions. Suggestion of early ischaemic changes in left hemisphere.

Diagnosis Mr Black is diagnosed with a left middle cerebral artery distribution stroke. He is assessed as being eligible for thrombolytic therapy.

Management IV Alteplase (8.1mL bolus over minute; 72.9 mL added to 50mL sodium chloride infused over 60 minutes via a volumetric control pump). Continue
antihypertensive medication 24 hours after completion of alteplase follow-up CT brain scan ? if bleeding excluded commence Assasantin? SR capsule twice a
day.

400815 ? Alterations in Breathing, Work/Leisure and Mobility Learning Guide ? Spring 2013

?School of Nursing and Midwifery Page 11 of 22 University of Western Sydney

PART 1 ? Pathophysiology template Complete a pathophysiology template for an ischaemic stroke that affects the dominant left cerebral hemisphere (400
words).

PART 2- Questions related to the case study Question 1 (450 words) Explain the pathogenesis that leads to the structural and functional changes resulting
from Mr Black?s stroke. Question 2 (150 words) Explain how two of Mr Black?s clinical manifestations are related to the structural and functional changes
caused by the stroke. Question 3 (250 words) Relating your discussion to the pathogenesis of Mr Black?s condition, explain the mode of action of Alteplase
and Assasantin?. Resources ? Examples may be available on the vUWS site. ? There are a number of textbooks and resources available through the UWS Library
that may assist you.