Disorders of the Veins and Arteries

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Disorders of the Veins and Arteries

Advanced practice nurses often treat patients with vein and artery disorders such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). While the symptoms of both disorders are noticeable, these symptoms are sometimes mistaken for signs of other conditions, making the disorders difficult to diagnose. Nurses must examine all symptoms and rule out other potential disorders before diagnosing and prescribing treatment for patients. In this Assignment, you explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of CVI and DVT.
To Prepare
• Review the section “Diseases of the Veins” (pp. 598-599) in Chapter 23 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Consider the similarities and differences between these disorders.
• Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
• Review the “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for venous thrombosis. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of both chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis.
To Complete
Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:
• Compare the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Describe how venous thrombosis is different from arterial thrombosis.
• Explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
• Construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for deep venous thrombosis. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.

Reflect on the pathophysiology of the type of anemia that you diagnosed, as well as potential treatment options.

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In clinical settings, patients often present with many different types of anemia. Each type of anemia has its own causes and implications. For this reason, you must be able to differentiate between types of anemia as well as identify factors that put patients at greater risk of experiencing related complications. As you prepare for this Discussion, consider the following patient case studies:
Case Study 1
An 82-year-old female presents to the office complaining of fatigue, dizziness, weakness, and increasing dyspnea on exertion. She has a past medical history of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Medications include warfarin 2 milligrams po daily, lisinopril 10 milligrams po daily, and simvastatin 10 milligrams po daily. There are no known drug allergies. The physical exam reveals a 5’2” older female. Her weight is 128 pounds, blood pressure is 144/80, heart rate is 98, temperature is 98 degrees Fahrenheit, and O2 saturation is 98%. Further examination reveals the following:
Eyes: + pallor conjunctiva
Cardiac: irregular rhythm. No S3 S4 or M. NO JVD
Lungs: CTA w/o rales, wheezes, or rhonchi
Abdomen: soft, BS +, + epigastric tenderness. No organomegaly, rebound, or guarding
Rectal: no stool in rectal vault

To prepare:
• Review Chapter 237 in Part 21 of the Buttaro et al. text.
• Select one of the three case studies. Reflect on the provided patient information including history, physical exams, and lab reports.
• Think about a differential diagnosis. Consider the role the patient history, physical exam, and lab reports played in the diagnosis.
• Reflect on the pathophysiology of the type of anemia that you diagnosed, as well as potential treatment options. Consider the causes of this type of anemia. Think about whether the patient should be referred for specialized care.
By Day 4
Post an explanation of the differential diagnosis for the patient in the case study that you selected. Describe the role the patient history, physical exam, and lab reports played in the diagnosis. Finally, explain the pathophysiology of the type of anemia that you diagnosed, as well as potential treatment options. Include causes for this type of anemia.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

qualitative and quantitative research that has been used to improve public safety.

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In the Discussion Board for this unit, you are discussing qualitative and quantitative research that has been used to improve public safety. Of the research shared, select your favorite 4 examples of qualitative and quantitative research. Using this list, draft an argumentative essay that convinces the reader why both qualitative and quantitative research are important to public safety. Consider the following questions: What are the limitations of qualitative and quantitative research? What are potential issues in only using qualitative or quantitative research? What value comes from undertaking qualitative and quantitative research?

The specific steps are as follows:

  1. Reviewing the unit Discussion Board, find your favorite 4 examples of research using both qualitative and quantitative research. 
  2. Construct a 4-page argumentative essay convincing your reader of the value and importance of using both qualitative and quantitative research. 
  3. Address each of the following questions:
    1. What are the limitations of qualitative and quantitative research? 
    2. What are potential issues in only using qualitative or quantitative research? 
    3. What value comes from undertaking both qualitative and quantitative research?
  4. Use no fewer than 6 scholarly resources.

Immune Disorders in Pediatrics and Geriatrics

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Immune Disorders in Pediatrics and Geriatrics
In this week’s Discussion, you began exploring the pathophysiology and treatment for immune disorders, such as HIV, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus E. You continue this exploration as you consider these disorders in specific patient groups: pediatrics and geriatrics. As an advanced practice nurse, you must understand the differences in the pathophysiology of these patients, as well as how the drugs used to treat immune disorders might impact the body systems of pediatric and geriatric patients. These two patient groups process and respond to drugs differently than the average adult in their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. For this reason, special consideration must be taken when treating immune disorders in pediatric and geriatric patients.
To prepare:
• Review this week’s media presentation on antimicrobials.
• Select one of the following immune disorders: HIV, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, or systemic lupus E (SLE).
Note: Select a different disorder than the two that you selected for this week’s Discussion.
• Think about the pathophysiology of your selected disorder. Compare pathophysiological changes in pediatric and geriatric patients.
• Consider the types of drugs that are used to treat symptoms associated with your selected disorder. Reflect on how the drugs might impact various body systems in pediatric and geriatric patients, as well as measures you might take to help reduce any negative effects.
• Reflect on how you might educate a pediatric patient on the disorder you selected and how you might educate a geriatric patient on the same disorder. Consider how you would promote medication adherence, as well.
To complete:
Write a 3- to 4-page paper that addresses the following:
• Explain the pathophysiology of the disorder you selected. Then, compare pathophysiological changes in pediatric and geriatric patients.
• Describe the types of drugs that are used to treat symptoms associated with the disorder you selected. Explain how these drugs might impact various body systems in pediatric and geriatric patients, as well as measures you might take to help reduce any negative effects.
• Explain how you might educate a pediatric patient on the disorder you selected and how you might educate a geriatric patient on the same disorder. Include your rationale for each approach, as well as how you would promote medication adherence.