Details:

In this assignment, you will be writing a 1,000-1,250-word essay describing the differing approaches of nursing leaders and managers to issues in practice. To complete this assignment, do the following:

1. Select an issue from the following list: nursing shortage and nurse turn-over, nurse staffing ratios, unit closures and restructuring, use of contract employees (i.e., registry and travel nurses), continuous quality improvement and patient satisfaction, and magnet designation.
2. Compare and contrast how you would expect nursing leaders and managers to approach your selected issue. Support your rationale by using the theories, principles, skills, and roles of the leader versus manager described in your readings.
3. Identify the approach that best fits your personal and professional philosophy of nursing and explain why the approach is suited to your personal leadership style.
4. Use at least two references other than your text and those provided in the course.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management (Benchmark Assessment)

	1 Unsatisfactory 0.00%	2 Less than Satisfactory 71.00%	3 Satisfactory 79.00%	4 Good 89.00%	5 Excellent 100.00%
80.0 %Content
40.0 %Compare and contrast how you would expect nursing leaders and managers to approach your selected issue. Support your rationale by using the theories, principles, skills, and roles of the leader versus manager described in your readings.	The comparison and contrast of how you would expect nursing leaders and managers to approach your selected issue is not provided.	The comparison and contrast of how you would expect nursing leaders and managers to approach your selected issue is provided; however, relevant information is missing, such as not providing support for your rationale by using the theories, principles, skills and roles of the leader versus manager described in your readings, or not providing at least two references beyond your text.	The comparison and contrast of how you would expect nursing leaders and managers to approach your selected issue is provided and meets the basic criteria for the assignment as indicated by the assignment instructions.	The comparison and contrast of how you would expect nursing leaders and managers to approach your selected issue meets all criteria for the assignment, and is provided in detail.	The comparison and contrast of how you would expect nursing leaders and managers to approach your selected issue meets all criteria for the assignment, is provided in detail. Higher level thinking is demonstrated by incorporating prior learning or reflective thought.
40.0 %Identify the approach that best fits your personal and professional philosophy of nursing and explain why the approach is suited to your personal leadership style.	The identification of the approach that best fits your personal and professional philosophy of nursing is not provided.	The identification of the approach that best fits your personal and professional philosophy of nursing is provided; however, relevant information is missing, such as an explanation to why the approach is suited to your personal leadership style.	The identification of the approach that best fits your personal and professional philosophy of nursing is provided and meets the basic criteria for the assignment.	The identification of the approach that best fits your personal and professional philosophy of nursing, along with an explanation to why the approach is suited to your personal leadership style, is provided in detail.	The identification of the approach that best fits your personal and professional philosophy of nursing meets all criteria for the assignment, and is provided in detail. Higher level thinking is demonstrated by incorporating prior learning or reflective thought.
15.0 %Organization and Effectiveness
5.0 %Thesis Development and Purpose	Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.	Thesis and/or main claim are insufficiently developed and/or vague; purpose is not clear.	Thesis and/or main claim are apparent and appropriate to purpose.	Thesis and/or main claim are clear and forecast the development of the pap. It is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.	Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive; contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
15.0 %Organization and Effectiveness
5.0 %Paragraph Development and Transitions	Paragraphs and transitions consistently lack unity and coherence. No apparent connections between paragraphs are established. Transitions are inappropriate to purpose and scope. Organization is disjointed.	Some paragraphs and transitions may lack logical progression of ideas, unity, coherence, and/or cohesiveness. Some degree of organization is evident.	Paragraphs are generally competent, but ideas may show some inconsistency in organization and/or in their relationships to each other.	A logical progression of ideas between paragraphs is apparent. Paragraphs exhibit a unity, coherence, and cohesiveness. Topic sentences and concluding remarks are appropriate to purpose.	There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas progress and relate to each other. Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless.
15.0 %Organization and Effectiveness
5.0 %Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)	Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are used.	Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register); sentence structure, and/or word choice are present.	Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.	Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.	Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
5.0 %Format
2.0 %Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)	Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.	Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.	Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.	Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.	All format elements are correct.
3.0 %Research Citations (In-text citations for paraphrasing and direct quotes, and reference page listing and formatting, as appropriate to assignment)	No reference page is included. No citations are used.	Reference page is present. Citations are inconsistently used.	Reference page is included and lists sources used in the paper. Sources are appropriately documented, although some errors may be present.	Reference page is present and fully inclusive of all cited sources. Documentation is appropriate and GCU style is usually correct.	In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of

Case Study. Incorrect administration of a blood product 
This incident draws attention to checking procedure roles and responsibilities for blood products. 
An 86 year old man was admitted with a fractured neck of femur, scheduled for surgery that afternoon. The patient’s international normalised ratio (INR) was elevated at 1.6, and the decision was made to treat this elevated level with a unit of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) prior to surgery. The medical officer (MO) went to the laboratory to collect the unit of FFP. On arrival the scientist pointed to where the FFP was located and requested the MO to sign the unit out of the laboratory in the blood register. The unit collected by the MO was allocated for another patient and labelling not yet completed. The MO signed the unit out against his patient details in the blood register without checking the product details matched. He then took the unit to the ward. 
On return to the ward the MO handed the FFP to the nurse caring for the patient, who was unaware of the request for transfusion. The nurse noted the lack of paperwork accompanying the FFP and sent the patient services attendant (PSA), with the unit, back to the laboratory to collect the appropriate paperwork. The PSA returned and stated that there was no paperwork for this FFP unit and that it did not need to be checked, although the laboratory staff stated they did not speak to the PSA regarding the FFP. 
The nurses on the ward took the word of the PSA that they did not need the paper work, and checked the FFP to the patient. The unit was group O, the patient’s blood group was group A, therefore making this an incompatible transfusion. The staff were unaware of this at the time as both medical and nursing staff were under the impression that O was the universal group for FFP as well as red cells. Later the laboratory staff noted the FFP for the patient was still in the fridge and when they checked the register realised the error. They immediately rang the ward; however the product had already been administered. As a result the patient had a mild rise in bilirubin, and his procedure was delayed as a precaution to monitor the patient for further consequences of the transfusion therapy. 
Assessment: Individual Critical Reflection paper 
Weighting: 35% 
Word Count: 1000 words 
Aim of assessment: 
The assessment develops individual skills for critical reflection and the application of clinical reasoning in practical situations. Students analyzed a professional practice issue in relation to the context of nursing that was discussed during group activities in the four workshop. 
Details 
Students draw on the National Safety and Quality health Service Standards and the NMBA professional competencies and standards to develop a critical response to a clinical incidents. Students self – select a clinical incident discussed in the workshops, and write an individual critical reflection paper. The incidents is: 
A. Incorrect administration of a blood transfusion. 
Students analyse the clinical incident from the perspective of a new graduate registered nurse in the first twelve months of practice. Use the following points to guide your answer 
1. Provide concise description of the incident (i.e. what happened?) 
2. Outline why you choose this incident and how it is relevant to your professional practice 
3. Identify the relevant factors in the clinical context that potentially contributed to the incident (i.e. why did it happen… so what?) 
4. If you were involved in a similar clinical situation in the future, what alternative actions would you take? 9i.e. what would you do differently… now what?) 
Support your answer with reference to the relevant clinical and professional standards that apply. 
Students directions 
The marking criteria and standards have been developed to guide you through the group assessment process. Please read the criteria and standards carefully. 
The paper must include in-text citation and a reference list at the end of the paper in the APA style 6th edition. (a minimum of five reference is expected).