Explain how the implementation of the recommendation serves as a specific solution to a real health care problem that is facing the organization, and discuss elements of the proposed design that serve to improve balancing costs, quality, and access to care among all stakeholder groups (e.g., patients, providers, and third-party payers).

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After careful review of your Phase 4 report addressing compliance risks, the board has approved the implementation of the first recommendation that you provided in the report that you submitted in Phase 3. As part of the implementation plan, you have been asked to prepare the report that is outlined below.

The report needs to address the following areas:

Describe and assess the impact of the implementation of the recommendation on the organizational structure and performance relative to the forecasted demand for the services or products offered.
Explain how the implementation of the recommendation serves as a specific solution to a real health care problem that is facing the organization, and discuss elements of the proposed design that serve to improve balancing costs, quality, and access to care among all stakeholder groups (e.g., patients, providers, and third-party payers).
Present a forecasted strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis for at least 3 internal and 3 external stakeholder groups relative to expected outcomes after full implementation of the recommendation.
Develop a strategic communication plan, including key messages, benchmarks, and approaches that can be used to communicate the change within the organization, and draft an external press release announcing the organization’s strategic initiative to the health care industry.
The resultant paper should be 10–12 pages and include at least 9 relevant peer-reviewed academic or professional references published within the past five years.

THE PHASE 3 PAPER IS ATTACHED 

Upon handshake professor agrees to follow all directions and turn work in on time with little to no plagiarism 

Evaluate the cost effectiveness of addressing this health problem at the population level versus the individual level.

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Epidemiology and Population Health
Reflect on your nursing practice for a moment. If you could wipe out one illness, what would it be? How would that impact not just an individual patient, but your entire patient population? What would be the long-term benefits of eliminating that one illness?
The eradication of smallpox by 1979 provides an excellent example of this scenario. This eradication came about as a result of global collaborative efforts involving many countries and organizations, as well as the application of epidemiologic methods. In spite of high initial financial costs, it is estimated that millions of dollars continue to be saved around the world each year as a result of the eradication of this disease.
The eradication of smallpox illustrates the rich history of epidemiology and demonstrates the cost/benefits and implications of improving health at the population level. The application of epidemiologic methods and principles to other critical population health issues continues to play an essential role in improving health and health outcomes.
For this Discussion, you will identify a current population health problem, and you will examine how, and if, the problem is being addressed through the application of epidemiologic principles. You will also discuss the cost-effectiveness of dealing with the problem at the population level.

To prepare:

Review      the Learning Resources, focusing on the smallpox epidemic of the 1960s and      1970s and how health organizations applied principles of epidemiology to      eradicate this disease. (See attached file)
In      light of this example, consider the cost effectiveness of addressing      smallpox at the population level.
Using      the Learning Resources, research a current population health problem      (local or global). Select one on which to focus for this Discussion.
Think      about how principles of epidemiology are being applied—or could be      applied—to address the problem.
What      lessons from the use of epidemiology in the eradication of smallpox might      be applicable to this selected problem? What are the financial benefits of      addressing this issue at the population level as opposed to the individual      level?

By tomorrow Wednesday 02/28/18 by 12pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of THREE scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headers as numbered below:
Post a cohesive response that addresses the following:

1) Briefly summarize your selected population health problem and describe how principles of epidemiology are being applied—or could be applied—to address the problem.

2) Are there any lessons learned from the use of epidemiology in the eradication of smallpox that can be applied to your selected problem?

3) Evaluate the cost effectiveness of addressing this health problem at the population level versus the individual level.

Required Readings

Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 1, “History and Scope of Epidemiology”
Chapter 2, “Practical Applications of Epidemiology” (pages 49–80 only)
Epidemiology is defined and introduced in Chapter 1. This chapter also presents an interesting historical overview that explains the emergence of the field. The assigned section of Chapter 2 addresses several uses of epidemiology.

Nash, D. B., Fabius, R. J., Skoufalos, A., Clarke, J. L. & Horowitz, M. R. (2016). Population health: Creating a culture of wellness (2nd ed). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Building Cultures of Health and Wellness (xxvii)
In the “Population Health Mandate” section of the course text, the authors provide an introduction to population health, noting that it has three core components: health outcomes, health 
determinants, and policies.
Chapter 2, “The Spectrum of Care”
In Chapter 2, the authors examine the purposes of the population health approach. Two key themes are introduced in this chapter: 1) population health as it relates to the challenges of quality and cost in health care, and 2) population health as an approach to not only reducing the burden of chronic illness but also to promoting wellness and increasing prevention.
Chapter 8, “Behavioral Economics”
In Chapter 8, the authors examine effect of social and cognitive function on an individual’s economic decisions. Reinforced by legislation, behavioral economics can be applied in population health to influence and change health outcomes. Compelling examples of incremental improvements (e.g., corporate wellness programs) are provided throughout the chapter.

Larkin, H. (2010). Managing population health. Hospitals & Health Networks, 84(10), 28–32. 
This article uses examples from a diabetes pilot program to demonstrate the value of population health management. The author discusses how the application of individual patient interventions can positively affect the entire target population, as well as improve the cost effectiveness of management programs.

Center for Global Development. (n.d.). Case 1: Eradicating smallpox. Retrieved March 5, 2012, from http://www.cgdev.org/doc/millions/MS_case_1.pdf
This reading presents the eradication of smallpox in the form of a case study. Many lessons can be learned from the successful global effort to eliminate smallpox.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) is a weekly epidemiological report distributed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to provide, according to the MMWR website, “timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations.” It is one of the most important sources of timely public health data published anywhere.

World Health Organization. (2001). Smallpox. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/smallpox/en/
The World Health Organization provides a succinct overview of the eradication of small pox and its impact on population health.

Note: Explore population health issues presented at the websites below as you prepare for this week’s Discussion and Assignment:

American Public Health Association. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.apha.org/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/index_en.htm

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/

Healthy People 2020. (2011). Global health. Retrieved from http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=16

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2011). Public health focus. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/default.htm

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012). Epidemiology and population health: Introduction to epidemiology and population health [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 6 minutes.
In this week’s program, “Introduction to Epidemiology and Population Health,” Dr. Hull and Dr. Frerich introduce foundational concepts related to epidemiology, noting that this scientific arena focuses on the study of human populations rather than individuals.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012). Epidemiology and population health: Epidemiology in nursing practice [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 4 minutes.
In “Epidemiology in Nursing Practice,” Dr. Rebecca Lee, Dr. Donna Shambley-Ebron, and Dr. Missie Willmarth discuss how epidemiology is utilized in nursing practice and, in particular, why it is salient for DNP-prepared nurses.

Optional Resources

Long, D. A., & Sheehan, P. (2010). A case study of population health improvement at a Midwest regional hospital employer. Population Health Management, 13(3), 163–173.

Oudin, Åström D., Bertfil, F., & Joacim R. (2011). Heat wave impact on morbidity and mortality in the elderly population: A review of recent studies. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 69(2), 99–105.

Excite. (2004). An introduction to epidemiology. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/excite/classroom/intro_epi.htm

Health Care Reform

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Health Care Reform
After much public and political debate, in March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was signed into law by President Barack Obama. The PPACA is one of many health care reform efforts that have sought to correct key features of the U.S. health care system such as financing, service delivery, and care coordination. This week, you will examine the passage of PPACA as a milestone along the historical continuum of health care reform in the United States.

To prepare:

Review      this week’s Learning Resources and media presentation, reflecting on the      evolution of health care in the United States and the public’s response to      health care reform efforts historically and currently.
Consider:      What principal features of the U.S. health care system helped or hindered      the enactment of federal health reform in March 2010? What challenges were      encountered?
How      do these conditions and/or challenges reflect characteristics of the      policy process and the political environment?

By tomorrow Wednesday 02/28/18 4pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of THREE scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headers as numbered below:
Post a cohesive response that addresses the following:

1) Analyze at least one important feature of the U.S. health care system that is of particular interest to you. Explain why you think this feature is significant in terms of health policy and reform.

2) Describe one or more conditions or challenges specifically related to the passing of the PPACA. Explain how this exemplifies the nature of the policy-making process and

3)  Evaluate how it could relate to the question of why health reform in the United States has been so difficult.

Required Readings

Bodenheimer, T., & Grumbach, K. (2016). Understanding health policy: A clinical approach (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical.
Chapter 1, “Introduction: The Paradox of Excess and Deprivation” 
This chapter introduces the concept of “excess and deprivation”—people receiving either too little or too much health care, which contributes to the weakness of the health care system.
Chapter 2, “Paying for Health Care” 
This chapter discusses the evolution of health care financing, including out-of–pocket payments, individual private insurance, employment-based insurance, and government-financed insurance.
Chapter 3, “Access to Health Care” 
This chapter focuses on financial and nonfinancial barriers to health care and concludes with influences to one’s health status unrelated to health care.
Chapter 4, “Paying Health Care Providers” 
This chapter provides information on how physicians and hospitals are paid.

HealthCare.gov. (n.d.). Understanding the Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from http://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/rights/index.html 
Posted by U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, this article provides an introduction to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA).

HealthCare.gov. (n.d.). Understanding the Affordable Care Act: About the law. Retrieved from http://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/rights/law/index.html 
Also posted by U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, this article focuses on specific provisions of the law and outlines how it will increase access to affordable health coverage.

In Week 1 of this course, you are required to subscribe to one of the health information services listed below. In preparation, review these different sites:

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2010). AHRQ PSNet Patient Safety Network. Retrieved from http://psnet.ahrq.gov/

ModernHealthcare.com. (n.d.). Registration is free: The news is invaluable. Retrieved from https://home.modernhealthcare.com/clickshare/addAccountFree.do 

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2011). Publications and research. Retrieved from http://www.rwjf.org/?topicid=1318 

The Commonwealth Fund. (2010). The Commonwealth Fund. Retrieved from http://www.commonwealthfund.org/ 

The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. (2011). New & noteworthy. Retrieved from http://www.kff.org/ 

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Healthcare policy and advocacy: The policy process. Baltimore: Author. 

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 11 minutes.
In this media presentation, Dr. Kominski and Dr. Zelman discuss the policy process and provide an overview of the influence of policy on health care practices. Dr. Zelman also discusses the challenges of passing new policy and relates this to health care reform efforts.Bottom of Form

Do customers really drive location and how does this affect logistical planning? Choose a specific industry (e.g., beer, clothing, automobiles, etc.). Compare the location decision of a Manufacturing company, to a Distributor, to a Retail location.

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Please read the article below which concerns locating near customers, and also review the Background Readings.

Crammer, L. J. & Wegfahrt, A. M., (2006). Ranked #9 proximity to major markets. Area Development Site and Facility Planning, 41(5).

Abstract:

Although a company’s location criteria and business model change  over time, it is really the customers who establish broad location  strategy. Furthermore, the business model established by most companies  will be based on customer preferences—which also change over  time. For example, the old-school model used for manufacturing included  the need to inventory raw materials and sub-assemblies at the  manufacturing site.

Then, in a 5- to 6-page paper answer the following question.

Do customers really drive location and how does this affect  logistical planning? Choose a specific industry (e.g., beer, clothing,  automobiles, etc.). Compare the location decision of a Manufacturing  company, to a Distributor, to a Retail location. How much influence does  the customer of each of these types of businesses have on the location  decision? How does this effect the logistics of each?

The paper should be 5–6 pages in length and have a cover sheet  and a reference page. Clarity of presentation is important, as well as  your ability to cover the topic in a succinct, organized manner with  research to back up your points. Use at least 3 different sources of  information and annotate your sources of information appropriately on  your references page and within the text as necessary