Explain what it means to paraphrase and why this is an important practice for all individuals participating in academic writing.

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To prepare for this activity, please review The Plagiarism Spectrum: Tagging 10 Types of Unoriginal Work (Turnitin, 2012). Review Instructor Guidance and Announcements. Part of scientific research includes conveying knowledge (about theory, research, etc.) to others. In this activity, you will practice using your own academic voice and applying in-text citations.
1. Review the following passage from your textbook, followed by a rewritten summary:
ORIGINAL AUTHOR’S THOUGHTS

Social psychologists use the scientific method—a hypothesis, or testable prediction, is developed and then tested using observational, correlational, or experimental methods. These different methods answer different kinds of questions. Observational methods answer questions relating to what is happening. Correlational methods look at relationships between variables, enabling prediction. Correlation, however, does not allow us to determine causation. With the experimental method, researchers manipulate one variable, the independent variable, and measure the effect of that manipulation through assessment of the dependent variable. At times, once one knows the results of a research study, those results may seem obvious, but people tend to fall short when truly predicting results beforehand. This sense that “you knew it all along” is called the hindsight bias. In research, attention is paid to potential ethical issues. Researchers have their research plans checked by an institutional review board, and participants provide informed consent and are debriefed at the end of the participation.
Reference
o Feenstra, J. (2013). Introduction to social psychology [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/
REWRITE BY SOMEONE WANTING TO WRITE ABOUT THE ARTICLE AND ITS FINDINGS

Social psychologists use the scientific method—a hypothesis, or testable prediction, is developed and then tested using observational, correlational, or experimental methods (Feenstra, 2013). Different methods answer different kinds of questions. Observational methods answer questions about what is happening. Correlation enables prediction by looking at relationships between variables. Correlation, however, does not determine causation. With the experimental method, researchers manipulate the independent variable and measure the effect of that manipulation on the dependent variable. Occasionally, one might correctly predict results and feel as though he or she “knew it all along” (hindsight bias), but this is rare. In research, attention is directed to possible ethical issues. An institutional review board will check the plans of a researcher, and participants will provide informed consent and will be debriefed following participation in studies.
2. Review the rewritten passage.
3. Locate and identify the errors, based on The Plagiarism Spectrum: Tagging 10 Types of Unoriginal Work (Turnitin, 2012), that exist in the rewrite.
o Are there any sentences that are correctly paraphrased?
o Why could this rewrite be considered plagiarism?
4. Rewrite the passage appropriately using appropriate methods for summarizing and paraphrasing information (without using quotes.). In other words, demonstrate how could you share the information successfully, using your own academic voice, within a paper you might be writing.
5. Explain what it means to paraphrase and why this is an important practice for all individuals participating in academic writing.
o What are some additional features of academic writing that should be considered as you write papers within your program?
o What methods/strategies can you use to assure that you are successfully using your own academic voice rather than someone else’s?
o What are some potential consequences for failing to consider the importance of academic voice (e.g., consequences in one’s academic journey/success, ability to communicate with others successfully)?

What are the most significant points from Chomsky’s critique on Skinner?

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What are the most significant points from Chomsky’s critique on Skinner? Do you agree or disagree with Chomsky’s critique of Skinner? Why or why not?
Why might the cognitive-affective processing system provide a more thorough understanding of an individual’s personality than older models (e.g., Freud’s theory of personality)?

Cognitive theorists maintain that our approach to behavioral change rests solely in the way we think about the behavior. Explain the gap that exists between cognitive and behavioral psychology.

Using the UMUC Library electronic databases, find an article from a recent issue of a peer-reviewed journal related to the biological basis of psychology, sensation and perception, or memory and cognition.

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Using the UMUC Library electronic databases, find an article from a recent issue of a peer-reviewed journal related to the biological basis of psychology, sensation and perception, or memory and cognition. The article should describe specifically an experimental manipulation by the researchers. Prepare a 2–4 page summary of the article in your own words including specifics regarding the overall purpose of the research in question, a clear statement of the researcher’s hypothesis, details regarding the study methodology, and pertinent results of the manipulation. Also include your personal opinion of the work. Should it be repeated/ how can it be improved? What was your overall impression of the work? What are the implications of the study for the practice of counseling psychology?

Identify someone in your community who is a manager. This should be someone who is responsible for recruiting and/or selecting employees, supervising employees, and evaluating employee performance.

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This required Portfolio assignment will give you experience observing and interacting with peopleoutside of the classroom. It has been designed to provide you with the opportunity to develop skills, synthesize knowledge, and integrate learning in a real world setting. This assignment accomplishes that goal by challenging you to:

• Conduct a 30-minute, semi-structured interview with a manager
• Identify common challenges and issues that arise in the workplace
• Evaluate strategies for addressing these challenges
• Integrate your findings with evidence-based literature from journal articles, textbook, and additional scholarly sources.

Objective: This assignment is designed to help you identify common problems that managers face when dealing with employees, and the solutions that managers use in an attempt to solve those problems. This assignment will also give you an opportunity to evaluate the efficacy of the solutions from a practical perspective and from the perspective of research in Industrial/Organizational psychology.

Step 1: Identify someone in your community who is a manager. This should be someone who is responsible for recruiting and/or selecting employees, supervising employees, and evaluating employee performance.

Step 2: Conduct a 30-minute interview with the manager. In your interview, be sure to cover the following questions:

• What are some of the common problems that you have experienced with employees? Be sure to steer the discussion toward relevant topics such as recruitment, employee selection, employee motivation, employee training, job attitudes, giving feedback, creating incentives, managing conflict, and so forth.
• Identify two major problems that the manager mentions and ask how he or she has responded to those problems. What solutions has the manager tried? Have the solutions worked?