Compare and contrast England’s NHS, Canada’s NHI and U.S. Health System models

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Question description

1.Compare and contrast England’s NHS, Canada’s NHI and U.S. Health System models.Who or what is responsible for providing health services (public and/or private) in each system?How is each system financed?How are providers paid for their services in each kind of system?How relatively effective is each system in prolonging the length and quality of life for people living in each country?

2.Why does the “vulnerable population” in the U.S. continue to grow?What characteristics do personsbelonging to this category of need have in common? Pick three separate groups, highlighting their particular set of problems.Name and explain three kinds of government solutions which have been established to help vulnerable populations in the U.S.. How is care for vulnerable populations paid for at federal and state levels?

3.Recent data show that Americans consume, on average, more than three times the recommended level of sodium per day in their food and beverages.High salt intake contributes to high blood pressure and its complications—stroke, heart attack, congestive heart failure, and kidney failure. In fact, thousands of lives could be saved if sodium consumption could be lowered in people with hypertension (high blood pressure). Compare and contrast (highlight similarities and differences) between how a health care provider like a Kishwaukee hospital doctor (part of Northwestern Medicine) might address this problem in their patient population using the medical model versus how a public health official would address this same problem using the population health model (three comparison-contrast examples required).

4. Although the United States spends more money per capita on health care than any other country, its performance is relatively poor by comparison. How can ideas such as the “Triple Aim Initiative” or “patient centeredness” help to improve performance in the U.S. health care system?

1. Start at the top of the page when beginning or continuing each Essay.

2. Be sure to note which Essay (by number) you are writing.Do not include the question again.

(5 point penalty)!

3. Essays must be typed in Times New Roman font only, in 12-point font only.

4. Each Essay must include at minimum ONE FULL PAGE of information, written in good

English (grammar, punctuation and spelling must be correct). FYI- Better student essays which

typically earn a higher number of points are two full pages in length, double-spaced, and contain

a lot of detail.

5. If you have individual paragraphs in the same Essay, indicate these by just indenting the first line

of the paragraph five spaces.

6. No “lists” or bullet-points of information will be accepted in place of, or in addition to the

Essay form—information is to be presented in narrative essay form ONLY.

7. Each Essay will have margins no larger than one (1) inch—top, bottom, and sides.

8. Each Essay’s font may NOT be bolded.

9. Essays may not include charts or graphs (Essay explanation ONLY).

10. Essays are to be constructed in WORD format only (no pdf or other format besides WORD will

be accepted).If sent in another mode (e.g. pdf) the Essays will not be graded (will receive a “0”).

See next page for more requirements (11-19):

State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) and children with special health care needs

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Question description

Cost-effectiveness analyses, when combined with epidemiological research, can assist public health professionals in identifying the highest health priorities. As you have explored, these comprehensive analyses also assist in highlighting the economical and epidemiological impacts of current and potential public health interventions.

Consider for example, cost-effectiveness findings on vaccinations. In 2006, the Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that 62 million doses of mandated vaccines cost the U.S. government approximately $1.7 billion. Although this seems expensive at the outset, the CDC also found these vaccinations to result in an annual cost savings of $10 billion in direct medical costs and more than $40 billion in indirect costs. Most importantly, the vaccines prevented more than 14 million cases of disease and more than 33,500 deaths (Department of Health and Human Services, 2007). Given the long-term savings and lives saved, it is easy to understand why money is allocated each year toward the vaccination of children.

In this Assignment, you continue to investigate the impact of economics on public health issues. Specifically, you conduct a case study analysis from the discipline of economics to examine the direct and indirect costs and health outcomes related to one of the following:

  • State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) and children with special health care needs
  • Medical readmissions and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)

To prepare for this case study analysis, review the case studies presented in this week’s Learning Resources and select one to further investigate for your case study analysis. Then, conduct research to locate at least three scholarly, peer-reviewed resources from the Walden Library that will further support your case study analysis.

By Day 7 of this week, submit a 2-page case study analysis that synthesizes the following:

  • Title page and Table of Contents
  • Write the problem statement for the public health issue identified in the case study.
  • In one paragraph, provide background to the public health issue identified in the case study.
  • In one paragraph, overview current governmental policy associated with this public health issue.
  • From the perspective of the economics discipline, explain the following:
    • The direct and indirect costs that impact this public health issue or a specific intervention for this issue.
    • A study analysis (cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit) that indicates improvements in health outcomes and in economic value.
  • In one paragraph, describe intervention(s) currently in place to address this public health issue.
  • In one paragraph, propose an alternative intervention to address this public health issue.
  • In one paragraph, conclude your analysis by summarizing the key points and takeaways.
  • APA reference page.

Mention a health care promotion or wellness program that, according to you, had the greatest impact on the people of the U.S. in the last three years

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Question description

100-150 words, apa format, intext citations, etc.

Guidelines:

When responding to the posts of your peers, please address the following:

  • What reactions do you have to the ideas they presented? Include examples from the course readings or your own experience to support your perspective, and raise questions to continue the dialogue.
  • How did their post influence your thinking?
  • How can you use the information presented in your peer’s post?

Response #2

Define the terms public health and health promotion.

Public Health promotes and protects the health of people and communities.

Health Promotion is the process of empowering individuals to have better control and management in improving their health.

What are the similarities and differences between the two?

Health promotion is an important component of public health practice. Public health focuses on reducing the occurrence of illnesses. Health promotion focuses on improving health and health behaviors.

What specific health promotion activity was provided in your community during the past one year and what was the beneficial results?

My hometown of Florence is implementing a variety of changes to improve healthy living. One battle being fought is against tobacco abuse which is the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the state of South Carolina. Florence county has developed a comprehensive public awareness initiative that educates residents about the health risk associated with tobacco use and exposure to second hand smoke (“Community Profile”, n.d.). By working with all five school districts within the county, four school districts have adopted tobacco-free policies with over 20,000 students, faculty and staff breathing easier with no exposure to second hand smoke in schools or school campuses.

How did Healthy People 2020 develop and what is the purpose and goals of this program?

Established in 1979, Healthy People is a national health promotion program designed to improve the health of all Americans. Under the control of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2020 is the result of a multifaceted process that displays participation from various individuals and organizations with over 1200 objectives with many of these objectives focusing on interventions that were designed to decrease or eradicate illness, disability, and health disparities while improving access to quality health care and strengthening public health services.

What current legislation has had the maximum impact on the way health care is provided? What interest group(s) influenced the establishment of this legislation?

Health care regulations are designed and implemented by all levels of government as well as by private organizations. The primary national health agency is the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Founded in 1980 during President Jimmy Carter Administration HHS is the department most immersed with citizens’ health concerns. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is a federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services that is responsible for ensuring compliance to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA). CMS ensures that the care being provided by health care clinicians and facilities is secure and efficient for all individuals who access the healthcare system. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JACHO) operates to certify that health care organizations provide quality care. JACHO is an organization formed from individuals from the private medical sector to establish and maintain standards and quality in medical facilities around the country. Though JACHO lacks official government sanction, its policies have had a real impact on the medical field (“The Joint Commission”, n.d.).

Mention a health care promotion or wellness program that, according to you, had the greatest impact on the people of the U.S. in the last three years.

The American Lung Association is the leading organization focused on saving lives through improved lung health and preventing lung disease through research, education and advocacy. Tobacco smoke accounts for over 480,000 deaths per year (“Stop Smoking”, n.d.). State tobacco prevention and cessation programs focus on eliminating the use of tobacco products for children and adults. These programs run ads to block tobacco industries messages designed to lure adolescents and young adults to start smoking. They also provide community programs that help stop the use of tobacco products for its citizens. Enforced smoke free laws aid in protecting the public from toxic pollutants from tobacco smoke that can lead to lung cancer and heart disease. The chances of a person quitting tobacco use is greatly increased if medications and counseling is provided to them through these programs.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Community Profile: Florence County South Carolina. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/nccdhp/deh/programs

The Joint Commission (n.d.). Retrieved from www.jointcommission.org/about_us/history.aspx

The American Lung Association. Stop Smoking (n.d.). Retrieved from www.lung.org/stop-smoking

McKenzie, James F. (2015). An Introduction to Community & Public Health, 8th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from https://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/#/books/9781284059588/

explain how multicultural competencies might influence your public health leadership philosophy

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Question description

A. Globalization has implications for leaders that reach beyond sensitivity. For example, globalization may require leaders to interact with other leaders from various countries to set procedural guidelines on matters such as establishing safety standards for distributing medical supplies or facilitating public health communication. Therefore, within local and/or global leadership organizations, public health leaders must be aware of multicultural issues and challenges. As a result, multicultural awareness and competency, important elements of multicultural leadership, play a crucial role in determining appropriate actions, attitudes, and expectations.

For this Discussion, select two challenges associated with multicultural leadership. As a scholar-practitioner in the field of public health, think about strategies you may use to address these challenges. Consider how your public health leadership philosophy may contribute to these strategies for multicultural leadership challenges.

BY DAY 3

Post a brief description of two challenges associated with multicultural leadership in public health. Then, provide strategies for addressing these challenges. Finally, explain how multicultural competencies might influence your public health leadership philosophy.

B. It is increasingly vital that public health leaders are aware of the world around them. Through understanding and reflecting on current events in public health, leaders may develop solutions to public health issues and challenges on a local, regional, or national scale.

For this Discussion, select a current event in the field of public health leadership whereby the leader used a systems thinking approach. Reflect on the leadership featured within the event and consider how the leader’s specific characteristics impacted the outcomes of the event. Additionally, think about whether the leader’s use of systems thinking might have affected event outcomes.

BY DAY 4

Post a brief description of the current event you selected. Then, describe the positive and negative characteristics of leadership represented in that event. Finally, explain how the leaders in the event used a systems thinking approach and how systems thinking affected event outcomes. Be specific.