Bilingualism and Multilingualism

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Resources for this week discussion;

Gleason, J. B., & Ratner, N. B. (2017). The development of language (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

· Chapter 11, “Bilingual Language Development” (pp. 285–307)

Abutalebi, J., & Clahsen, H. (2015). Bilingualism, cognition, and aging. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(1), 1–2. doi:10.1017/S1366728914000741.

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Gardner, H. (2006). In a nutshell. In Multiple intelligences (pp. 3–24). New York, NY: Basic Books.

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Peal, E., & Lambert, W. E. (1962). The relation of bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 76(27), 1–23. doi:10.1037/h0093840

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Optional Resources

Bhatia, T. K., & Ritchie, W. C. (Eds.). (2013). The handbook of bilingualism and multilingualism (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons.

Note:This book is provided as a suggested resource for the week. You will access it via the Walden Library databases.

Klein, R. M. (2015). Is there a benefit of bilingualism for executive functioning? Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(1), 29–31. doi:10.1017/S1366728914000613

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Sampath, K. K. (2005). Effect of bilingualism on intelligence. In Proceedings of the 4th Inter. J. Cohen, K. T. McAlister, K. Rolstad, & J. MacSwan (Eds.) (pp. 2048–2056). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press. Retrieved from http://www.lingref.com/isb/4/159ISB4.PDF

Discussion: Bilingualism and Multilingualism

If you were given an intelligence test in a language you did not know well, how do you think you would perform? Unfortunately, early 20th-century research on bilingualism was often based on biased evidence from assessments such as this, leading researchers to conclude that bilingualism was cognitively harmful. Fortunately, other research since that time has more carefully protected against bias and accounted for variables (e.g., socioeconomic background) that could influence research outcomes. Newer evidence, in fact, suggests there may be many cognitive benefits to bi- or multilingualism, in addition to the social and cultural richness that it affords.

From a practical perspective, it is not possible nor would it even be preferable for citizens of most countries to learn a large number of languages. Thus, educational planning decisions must be made, which often are based on a combination of public opinion, politics, financial resources, and research data. Some states in the United States have laws that declare that public education must be conducted in the English language. Other states have two-way immersion programs (where native English-speaking children and children from another language background learn each other’s languages, with the goal of bilingualism for all) or international schools with various languages of instruction.

Your goal for this Discussion is not to become an expert in education models, but rather to consider bilingualism and/or multilingualism from a cognitive perspective. Imagine that you have been asked to present information regarding this topic to your local legislature to inform education policy from a psychological perspective. What are the research findings that you would present?

To prepare:

· Search the Walden Library or other reputable academic sources and select at least two articles besides those listed in the Learning Resources related to the cognitive benefits of being bilingual or multilingual.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 4

Post an explanation of two or three research findings related to bilingualism or multilingualism that you believe the legislature should take into consideration and why. Include discussion about how multilingualism positively influences intelligence. Provide specific examples and use the articles you found to support your position.

Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources. Use proper APA format and citations.

Developing a Health Policy in Nigeria

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Question description

Developing a Health Policy in Nigeria or any other country of your choosing

For your Final Project, share some of your ideas on how you can use the knowledge and insights gained in this course to promote positive social change in your community and the world.

To preparefor the Final Project, review all the week’s Learning Resources and consider possible issues you might encounter when implementing a policy.

Final Project (6– 7pages), not including the cover and the references:

In developing a policy in the country you selected, consider the following:

  • Explain the rationale for selecting the country.
  • Describe the social determinants of health in the country that you would need to address. Explain why you need to address these determinants.
  • Explain the possible public issues you might encounter in health literacy and cultural awareness in this country.
  • Describe the relationship between health inequality/inequities and life expectancy for the population in your selected country.
  • Describe two current efforts in this country (you selected) to reduce health inequities.
  • Explain how you might develop a health policy so that it gets the support of the country you selected.
  • Note: Take into account the culture of the country.

Resources

READINGS

  • Wilkinson, R., & Pickett, K. (2010). The spirit level: Why greater equality makes societies stronger. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Press.
    • Chapter 15, “Equality and Sustainability” (pp. 217–234)
  • Alles, M., Eussen, S., Ake-Tano, O., Diouf, S., Tanya, A., Lakati, A., . . . Mauras, C. (2013). Situational analysis and expert evaluation of the nutrition and health status of infants and young children in five countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 34(3), 287–298.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Baum, F. (2008). The Commission on the Social Determinants of Health: Reinventing health promotion for the twenty-first century? Critical Public Health, 18(4), 457–466.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Dankwa-Mullan, I., Rhee, K. B., Williams, K., Sanchez, I., Sy, F. S., Stinson, N., & Ruffin, J. (2010). The science of eliminating health disparities: Summary and analysis of the NIH summit recommendations.American Journal of Public Health, 100(Suppl. 1), S12–S18.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Jones, C. M. (2010). The moral problem of health disparities. American Journal of Public Health, 100(Suppl. 1), S47–S51.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Koh, H. K., & Nowinski, J. M. (2010). Health equity and public health leadership. American Journal of Public Health, 100(Suppl. 1), S9–S11.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Kruk, M. E., Porignon, D., Rockers, P. C., & Van Lerberghe, W. V. (2010). The contribution of primary care to health and health systems in low- and middle-income countries: A critical review of major primary care initiatives. Social Science & Medicine, 70(6), 904–911.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Identify six public health issues in at least three sections

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Question description

Assignment 1: Discussion Assignment

In this module, you will pick one local or national newspaper and review the global, national, local, sports, life, health, and business sections, looking for public health-related issues. After conducting your review, you will participate in this discussion using the bullet points below as a guide.

Tasks:

In a minimum of 200 words, post your response to the following:

  • Identify six public health issues in at least three sections.
  • Discuss the impact of each identified issue on public health.
  • Identify the level of public health prevention related to the issue.
  • Discuss the impact on the community if public health intervention did not occur for the identified issue (e.g., premature deaths, intimate partner violence, unemployment, poor housing conditions, new manufacturing plant moving into the area, teen pregnancy, high school drop-outs, food recall, or heat or sports-related illnesses, etc.).

Submission Details:

  • By the due date assigned, post your responses to this Discussion Area.
  • Through the end of the module, read all of your classmates’ postings and respond to at least two classmates’ posts that differ from your opinion. Consider sharing your own experiences and interpretation of the research. Support your findings with examples and scholarly references. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.

Grading Criteria

Discussion Grading Table Maximum Points
Quality of initial posting, including fulfillment of assignment 16
Quality of responses to classmates 12
Frequency of responses to classmates 4
Reference to supporting readings and other materials 4
Language and grammar 4
Total: 40

Discuss various reasons as to why public health policy creates controversy

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Question description

Part One

As seen during many public health disasters (Katrina, oil spills, etc.), public health policy tends to be controversial. Discuss various reasons as to why public health policy creates controversy. In addition, discuss how public health officials can make them less controversial without sacrificing the core issues.

In your discussion, consider economic impact, civil liberties debate, and stakeholder interference among other possible sources of discourse.

APA Format, with in text citation

DELIVERABLE LENGTH: 400 words

Part two (due by Saturday 28 April 2018)

Cumberland County Biowatch Role

Research the public health agency in your jurisdiction, and develop a presentation on its structure, response capabilities, surveillance tools, and role in emergency management.

In your response, include a description of the community served by the department, its emergency response structure, surveillance systems that are used at hospitals, biohazard detection system (BDS) sites, and the department’s role in Biowatch. In addition, provide an overview of the department’s role during emergencies where it serves as the lead and where it serves as a support agency.

APA Format with in text citation

 3–5 pages