What is John Snow’s (1854) influence on the foundation of modern epidemiology?

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Epidemiology

Epidemiology is the study of how often diseases occur in different people and why they occur. Epidemiology can help us track diseases and find out when an outbreak is occurring or if a disease is decreasing due to a public health interventions.

Given the above information, what do you think is the role of the epidemiologist in data collection? What is John Snow’s (1854) influence on the foundation of modern epidemiology? What are the current 10 leading causes of death for all races/ethnicities? What, according to you, are the five most important human diseases associated with stress? Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning and comment on the postings of at least two peers as to whether you agree with their view on the diseases associated with stress.

Homeostasis—The Importance of Being in Balance

When many people think of homeostasis they think of their body being in balance or the flight or flight response. Homeostasis is the maintenance of physiological conditions required to maintain the life of the organism. Cannon (1932) has come up with some theories on homeostasis. What are Cannon’s (1932) theories on homeostasis? What is the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) definition of engineering methods, also known as engineering controls?

There are five key engineering methods developed to reduce or eliminate the spread of infection and disease. How effective do you think these methods have been? Of these methods, which one has been the most effective and which one the least effective? Why? Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning and comment on the postings of at least two peers.

Analyze and describe any two types of qualitative research methods

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Qualitative Approaches

Using the Internet, research about qualitative approaches. Based on your research, respond to the following:

  • Analyze and describe any two types of qualitative research methods.
  • Recommend in which situations, qualitative research methods can be used in public health research.
  • Explain the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative as well as quantitative research.
  • Analyze and explain why qualitative research and mixed methodologies are given preference over quantitative methodology in most cases of public health research.
  • Is it true that the value of the dependence of qualitative research on small samples renders it incapable of generalizing conclusions? Why?
  • Describe the key fundamental differences between experimental and quasi-experimental designs. Provide at least one example of each experimental design that identifies the situations in which the experimental design can be used.
  • Analyze and explain whether there are any possible ethical issues associated with each of these experimental designs in the field of public health research. If yes, what are they? If no, why?Analyze and describe any two types of qualitative research methods

Discuss the relationship between the population prevalence of exposure and the population attributable risk

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PUBH 8520: Advanced Epidemiology Methods
Week 2 Assignment: Measures of Occurrence and Association

Incidence Density
A cohort study (hypothetical) was conducted to look at survival after experiencing a myocardial infarction (heart attack). Ten participants were followed for 3 years, resulting in the following table:
Follow-up Time (Months) Event
3 Death
5 Censored
8 Death
12 Death
17 Censored
19 Censored
27 Death
32 Censored
36 Followed until end of study period
36 Followed until end of study period

What is the cumulative survival probability at the end of the follow-up period?

Using the same data, calculate the overall death rate per 100 person-years.

Calculate the rates separately for the 3 years of follow-up.

Is it appropriate to report an overall 3-year death rate for this study? Why or why not?
Attributable Risk
A hypothetical cohort study looked at the association between family history and the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The results were as follows:
Alzheimer’s Disease No Alzheimer’s Disease Totals Incidence of AD
Family History 50 1,950 2,000 25 per 1,000
No Family History 25 2,975 3,000 8.3 per 1,000
Total 75 4925 5000

Calculate the attributable risk for Alzheimer’s disease due to family history. Interpret the calculation in words.

Assume the prevalence of family history in the general population is 5{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119}. Calculate the population attributable risk and interpret it in words.

Now assume the prevalence of family history in the general population is 25{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119}. What effect does this change have on the estimate of the population attributable risk? Discuss the relationship between the population prevalence of exposure and the population attributable risk. Why is it important to understand this relationship as a public health professional?

The Future of Public Health

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Community Health Assessments and Continuous Quality Improvement

n its report “The Future of Public Health,” the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (1988) recognizes assessments of community health status and community health needs as a core public health function. The course textbook states that some of the goals of community health assessment are to evaluate health status, identify community health needs, identify strengths and weaknesses of a community’s health systems, recommend strategies to address community health needs, and locate existing or needed resources to meet identified needs.

Read the report and based on it, respond to the following questions in relation to the role of community members:

  • What role or roles should community members have in a community needs assessment? Justify your answer.
  • What are some strategies for engaging community members?

Public health agencies use data to identify health problems, establish and track health objectives, and assess the effectiveness of policies, programs, and services.

Respond to the following questions in relation to community needs assessment:

  • Which key factors are important to consider when gathering and presenting data for a community needs assessment?
  • When presenting data, which strategies would you recommend for creating a strong and compelling statement of need?

no pages required, just answer the question with 100{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119} accuracy.

APA formatted references.