Medical Law and Ethic

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3 PART Research Paper 

Course:  Medical Law and Ethic

Course Text book : Judson, K., & Harrison, C. (2016). Law & ethics for health professions (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

!!!!!!!****Please pay attention to due date thanks a lot*****!!!!!!!!!!!!

PART 1: Unit II Research Paper Topic  (!!!!!!!DUE 24/48 HRS!!!!!!!!!!!))

For your course research paper, you will choose a topic based upon compliance standards related to health information initiatives in medical law and ethics from which to create research questions. Once you have chosen your topic, you will submit a proposal consisting of your preliminary research with at least two scholarly references.

Within your proposal, discuss why you chose your topic, at least two possible subtopics, possible research questions you could investigate, and the relevance of your two scholarly references to your research. Make sure that your topics, research questions, and references are related to law and ethics within a health profession.

Your topic proposal should be at least one page, double-spaced, Times New Roman 12 pt. font, with appropriate APA style writing.

Note: This is often the most difficult part of the research process. Here are some tips to getting started with your research paper:

Wikipedia is NOT ACCEPTABLE

Course Hero/ etc

NO plagiarism

PART 2: Unit IV Outline ( DUE 72 HRS!!!!!!!!!!)

For this submission, you will submit an outline of your research paper on a topic based upon compliance standards related to health information initiatives in medical law and ethics. This should include these specific components to ensure you are on the right track:

· an outline of your research and the intended thesis of your argument and

· at least two scholarly resources you have found that contribute to your topic.

This research outline should be at least two pages, double-spaced with Times New Roman 12 pt. font, and use appropriate APA style writing. You should be thorough in your research so your professor or a colleague could adequately determine your intended topic and the direction you are going with your paper.

Wikipedia is NOT ACCEPTABLE

Course Hero/etc

NO plagiarism

PART 3 : Unit VII Research Paper ( DUE ON DUTE DATE !!!!!!!!!)

Unit VII Research Paper

For your final submission, you are to submit the research paper on your topic based upon compliance standards related to health information initiatives in medical law and ethics that you have been working on throughout the course. ( WHICH INCLUDES PART 1 THE TOPIC /PART 2 THE OUTLINE) 

The research paper should be at least eight pages, double-spaced, Times New Roman 12 pt. font, with appropriate APA style writing. The research paper must contain a minimum of five scholarly references that support your argument surrounding the topic, should answer your research question(s), and should support your points about the need for further research on this topic

Wikipedia is NOT ACCEPTABLE

NO Course Hero

NO plagiarism

Off-Label Drug Use In Pediatrics

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The unapproved use of approved drugs, also called off-label use, with children is quite common. This is because pediatric dosage guidelines are typically unavailable since very few drugs have been specifically researched and tested with children.

When treating children, prescribers often adjust dosages approved for adults to accommodate a child’s weight. However, children are not just “smaller” adults. Adults and children process and respond to drugs differently in their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Children even respond differently during stages from infancy to adolescence. This poses potential safety concerns when prescribing drugs to pediatric patients. As an advanced practice nurse, you have to be aware of safety implications of the off-label use of drugs with this patient group.

To prepare:

· Review the Bazzano et al. and Mayhew articles in the Learning Resources. Reflect on situations in which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use.

· Think about strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Consider specific off-label drugs that you think require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.

With these thoughts in mind:

Post an explanation of circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use. Then, describe strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Include descriptions and names of off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.

This work should have Introduction and conclusion

– This work should have at 3 to 5current references (Year 2012 and up)

– Use at least 2 references from class Learning Resources

The following Resources are not acceptable:

1. Wikipedia

2. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section

3. Webmd.com

4. Mayoclinic.com

Required Readings

Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

  • Review Chapter 4, “Principles      of Pharmacotherapy in Pediatrics” (pp. 53-63)
    This chapter explores concepts relating to drug selection, administration,      and interaction for pediatric patients. It also compares age-related      pharmacokinetic differences in children and adults.
  • Chapter 17, “Ophthalmic      Disorders” (pp. 221-243)
    This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria,      and drug treatment for four ophthalmic disorders: blepharitis,      conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and glaucoma. It also explores      methods of monitoring patient response to treatment.
  • Chapter 43,      “Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder” (pp. 743-756)
    This chapter explains the process of diagnosing      Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It also identifies drugs      for treating patients with ADHD, including proper dosages, selected      adverse events, and special considerations for each drug.
  • Chapter 51, “Immunizations”      (pp. 906-926)
    This chapter explores vaccines that are licensed for use in the United      States and provides a recommended vaccination schedule for pediatric      patients and adults.
  • Chapter 52, “Smoking Cessation”      (pp. 927-943)
    This chapter examines clinical implications of smoking. It also covers      various approaches for aiding patients who are dependent on nicotine but      want to stop smoking.
  • Chapter 54, “Weight Loss” (pp. 945-956)
    This chapter begins by reviewing patient factors that contribute to      obesity. It also examines drug therapy for initiating weight loss in      patients, as well as alternative non-drug treatments.

Bazzano, A. T, Mangione-Smith, R., Schonlau, M., Suttorp, M. J., & Brook, R. H. (2009). Off-label prescribing to children in the United States outpatient setting. Academic Pediatrics, 9(2), 81–88. 

This study examines the frequency of off-label prescribing to children and explores factors that impact off-label prescribing.

Mayhew, M. (2009). Off-label prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 5(2), 122–123. 

This article reviews the prevalence of off-label prescribing, including its benefits and risks. It also explores issues regarding the safety of off-label prescribing and when it is unavoidable.

Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Advanced pharmacology – Final course review. Baltimore, MD: Author. 

This media is an interactive final review covering course content.

Differentiate between special and general senses.

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QUESTION NUMBER 2.

 

List the external structures of the brain, and describe their functions. Which major body cavity are these structures located within?

Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

QUESTION NUMBER 3.

 Unit V Case Study

Analyze the case study found on p. 301 in the textbook by addressing the assigned questions below.

While analyzing the case, be sure to identify the major problems and issues.

Draft a response or strategy for addressing the major problems and issues. Make recommendations to improve the patient’s health.

Discuss any negative consequences that may occur if the patient’s health issue is not addressed.

Your response should be at least one page in length. Include at least one reference to support your work in APA style. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

This Is The Story From Page 301.

Maria, a diabetic, has been going through a period of high stress and has been poorly monitoring her diabetes. She has noticed increasing visual problems and often sees specks floating in her visual field. Twice she had double vision episodes.

Hep C And Baby Boomers Peer Response

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Discussion:

Both the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that all “baby boomers” – people born from 1945 through 1965 – get a hepatitis C test.

Peer Post. I need Peer Response for this post:

#1

Hepatitis C is a virus that affects the liver, in overtime this can lead to serious Health problems including the need for a liver transplant. Some people who contracts the hepatitis C virus are able to clear it from their system, but other people can have serious complications. These complications include chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer and even a failure where a transplant would be needed to save your life. Recommendations from the centers for disease control and prevent parentheses CDC and parentheses, are for people born from 1945 to 1965 to become tested for the hepatitis C virus. It is believed that some baby boomers that have become infected during a period of time where in infection control and universal precautions were not set in place yet within the healthcare field (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2016).
Symptoms of hepatitis C can include fever tiredness, upset stomach, nausea and vomiting, dark urine, Gray stool, joint pain, and yellow skin and eyes. Some people do not know they have been infected with hepatitis C, as it is also known as a silent virus. This is why it is extremely important for people especially born between 1945 and 1965 to be tested. Not only should baby boomers be tested, but also people who have received blood donations or organs before 1992, IV drug users, chronic liver disease and HIV or AIDS patients, exposure to hepatitis C or patient on hemodialysis (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Over the last few years there have been many advances for the medical treatment of hepatitis C. Some of these medications will treat the disease completely. And if some people aren’t aware that they have the virus, this is all the more reason to get tested.
One of the important guidelines changes regarding the treatment of hepatitis C is that treatment should be recommended to all patients, not just patients with advanced disease (American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases , 2017) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016).

#2

Hepatitis is a viral illness. There are five different types: A-E. This discussion board will be focused on Hepatitis C (HCV). There are six different forms of Hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is primarily spread through IV blood and drug use. General Hepatitis symptoms include fatigue, decreased appetite, fever, nausea, RUQ pain, jaundice, liver enlargement, tenderness to the upper abdomen and itching. Hepatitis C can be confirmed through blood work. There will be antibodies to HCV noted with a second or third generation enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Youngkin, Davis, Schadewald & Juve, 2013).
Hepatitis C Guidelines
Baby Boomers are five times more likely to contract Hepatitis C. It is important for this group to get tested as they are likely to not know that they are infected. It is common for people to live for decades with Hepatitis C and not have symptoms. Getting tested and then treated is crucial because this virus can cause liver damage, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Hepatitis C is the leading cause of liver cancer and liver transplants. The CDC recommends that all Baby Boomers, those born between 1945-1965, be tested for Hepatitis C and then treated if indicated (CDC, 2018).
Hepatitis C Risks
Like other illnesses, there are risk factors for Hepatitis C. Some of these include previous sexually transmitted diseases, HIV, Hepatitis B, more than one sexual partners, blood transfusion history, and IV drug use (Youngkin, Davis, Schadewald & Juve, 2013). It is now known that the most common contraction of Hepatitis C is through blood transfusions that were done in the 1970’s-1980’s. 8-10{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119} of those transfused contracted Hepatis C. Therefore, baby boomers are at an increased risk of Hepatitis C. It was not until the 1990’s that more effective screening was performed before blood transfusions. This lowered the contraction rate to 5{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119}. After 1993, the contraction rate was further reduced to <1{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119}. Tattoos, piercings, needle sticks and acupuncture continue to be a risk factor to Hepatitis C (C. Everett Koop Institute, 2018).
Hepatitis C Ramifications When Not Treated
Individuals that are infected with Hepatitis C can have negative effects if not tested and treated. If not treated, Hepatitis C can cause liver damage, cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. Ultimately death can occur. Those infected may not know that they are infected, and they have a risk of infecting others (CDC, 2018).