Decision-Making

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Our text suggests that objective reality is often significantly different from perceived reality and is an important variable to consider when making decisions within an organization. In addition, attribution theory describes how people create the explanations for their own and others’ actions, as well as the outcomes of the applied behaviors. Based on these two premises, consider the following and then, formulate an analysis about how attribution theory and bias (according to chapter 8 in our text) can explain human behaviors within organizations and industry.

  • Use, or closely follow, this template for your paper.
  • Consider the following information      associated with attribution theory to support to your writing about      decision-making:
  • perceptions
  • bounded       reality
  • cognitive       biases
  • conjunction       fallacy
  • consistency
  • consensus
  • distinctiveness
  • fundamental       attribution error
  • creative       decision making
  • Writing Content
  • Decision-Making
  • Based on        our content this week, discuss the importance of rationale        decision-making in an organization, using necessary citations. Include        how bounded reality, cognitive biases, and conjunction fallacy might        affect decision-making.
  • Attribution Theory
  • Explain        attribution theory using necessary citations. Include a discussion about        the effects of consistency, consensus, distinctiveness, and fundamental        attribution error. Consider inclusion about the effects of perception,        primacy and recency effects, selective perceptions, contrast effect,        stereotyping to further support your discussion.
  • Personal Experience:       Inaccurate Judgement
  • Based on        our content this week, consider your own experiences with others. Have        your actions ever been judged inaccurately by a person such as a boss, a        peer, or a family member? How could this experience support your thesis        about whether or not attribution theory and bias affect human behaviors        with organization?
  • Can        self-serving, or other, bias affect one’s perception of a behavior?
  • Creative Decision Making
  • Explain how        creative decision-making can improve our ability to make better        decisions, considering the numerous obstacles to do so. Include an        analysis about how good decision making can potentially affect        productivity and job satisfaction.

Writing considerations:

  1. The introduction paragraph      should introduce your topic and clearly explain what the paper will      address.
  2. Headings can be used to      organize your information. See template (Each heading should include at      least two paragraphs – minimum.)
  3. Each paragraph should make a      point which can be linked back to your introduction paragraph. Design the      topic sentence to embody what the paragraph will entail.
  4. The most important      consideration in the body paragraphs is the argument that you want to      develop (is or is not perceptions, attribution theory and bias      applicable?) in response to the topic (applicability of perception,      attribution theory and bias). This argument is developed by making and      linking points in and between paragraphs.
  5. The conclusion paragraph should      restate your thesis (your suggestion that perceptions, attribution theory      and bias does or does not apply to human behaviors in organizations.)

Your assignment should be a minimum of five to six double-spaced pages, and should adequately discuss the topic, demonstrate maturating self-awareness, and include at least one peer-reviewed source, in addition to your text. Use the rubric to check for thoroughness. Include frequent citation to resources.

Title Page

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[Two paragraphs introducing the topic of decision-making. Include a discussion about the sub-topics you will discuss in the paper.]

Note: Throughout the paper use no more than one one-sentence quote per section. Reminder: with a quote the citation must include the exact page of the information quoted.

Decision-Making

[Based on our content this week, discuss the importance of rationale decision-making in an organization, using necessary citations. Include how bounded reality, cognitive biases, and conjunction fallacy might affect decision-making.]

Bounded Reality

[Summarize potential effects]

Cognitive Biases

[Summarize potential effects]

Conjunction Fallacy

[Summarize potential effects]

Attribution Theory

[Explain attribution theory using necessary citations. Use no more than one one-sentence quote. Reminder that with a quote the citation must include the exact page of the information quoted.]

Effects of Perception

[Discuss how perception affects how we attribute behaviors. Be sure to include citations to support your thoughts. Consider including information about primacy and recency effects, selective perceptions, contrast effect, and stereotyping.]

Consistency, Consensus, Distinctiveness

[Discuss how these “sources” affect how we attribute behaviors. Be sure to include citations to support your thoughts.]

Fundamental Attribution Error

[Discuss how this factor affects how we attribute behaviors. Be sure to include citations to support your thoughts.]

 

Personal Experience: Inaccurate Judgement

[Explain your personal experience aligned with the instructions in the assignment.]

Consistency

[Explain how consistency is applied to your example. Could this affect the perceptions of self and others?]

Consensus

[Explain how consensus is applied to your example. Could this affect the perceptions of self and others?]

Distinctiveness

[Explain how distinctiveness is applied to your example. Could this affect the perceptions of self and others?]

 

Creative Decision Making

[Explain how creative decision-making can improve our ability to make better decisions, considering the numerous obstacles to do so. Include an analysis about how good decision making can potentially affect productivity and job satisfaction.]

Conclusion

[Summarize your paper including the implications of the topic.]

 

References (on separate page)

Child Abuse Treatment Case Study

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Case Study: Marisa

 

 

Name: Marisa

 

Demographics

 

Marisa is an 11-year-old Hispanic-American female. Marisa is in the 7th grade at a local school. She lives with her biological mother and her stepfather. Marisa has three siblings: one brother and two sisters. Marisa is the oldest child. Marisa’s biological father is inconsistently in her life, and visits with her a couple of times a year. He lives in the same city as Marisa, but doesn’t seem to hold a job long enough for her mother to collect child support. Marisa is the only child from her mother’s first marriage; her siblings were born during her mother’s current marriage.

 

Treatment History

 

Marisa has been to therapy “a couple of times” when she was 6 years old. Marisa’s mother reports that she (mother) has always had difficulty “managing Marisa’s behavior.”

 

Current Treatment

 

Marisa reports that she visits her school counselor sometimes.

 

Current Medical

 

N/A

 

Current Disposition

 

Marisa’s mother has brought Marisa into your office seeking counseling for oppositional behavior. Marisa’s mother reports “Marisa is so disrespectful; she talks back, yells at me, and just won’t do what she is told.” While you are talking with Marisa and her mother they describe a recent argument. Marisa reports that her mother “slapped me” during the argument. Marisa’s mother reports, “She hit me; I had to do something.” As you tell Marisa and her mother that you are a mandatory reporter and start describing what that means, Marisa’s mother gets upset and leaves the office, taking Marisa with her.

 

Notes

 

Due to the intake paperwork, you have the family’s address and demographic information.

 

© 2014. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Philosophy：Contemporary Moral Problems

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1. Is Beauchamp more concerned with the morality of individual cases of euthanasia, or are his arguments intended to support a policy on legalization?

2. What is the difference between killing and letting die, according to Beauchamp? What is the “redefinition” he wants to resist? Do you agree with him?

3. Explain the point of Beauchamp’s example of Mr. Policeman & Mr. Mafia. Do you agree with him?

4. What is Beauchamp asserting about the difference between a “valid refusal” and a “valid authorization?”

5. On which points does Beauchamp agree with Bernat, Gert, & Mogielnicki? On which does he disagree? With whom do you agree? Does Beauchamp think that a physician is responsible for the outcome only when they honor a patient’s request, or also when they refuse them? What is his reasoning for this?

6. What does Beauchamp identify as the “wrong” in cases when killing a person is wrong?

7. Under what circumstances does Beauchamp think one can make the strongest case for euthanasia? What example does he use to illustrate this?

8. Why does Beauchamp suggest there is both something right and wrong about “slippery slope” arguments? What example does he offer as at least partially addressing these concerns?

Child Growth And Cognitive Development Program Evaluation Analysis

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Running head: Milestone One 1

Milestone One 3

2-2 Final Project Milestone One: Draft of Introduction

Kevin Menard

Southern New Hampshire University

2-2 Final Project Milestone One: Draft of Introduction

Introduction

Evaluation is a critical and essential aspect of any activity because it tries to identify strengths and weaknesses of the program. The main purpose of this evaluation is to try and decide if the program is effective and according to the targeted population. The establishment of any given program is accompanied with a huge responsibility to make sure that the goals are achieved. It would, therefore, be not logical to establish a program and lack to evaluate its effectiveness (Anderson et al. 2003). The report will examine if the program reaches the targeted population and if the services that are provided to the targeted population are of help to them or not.

Program Identification and Targeted Age Group

Citizens for Citizens Head Start is a school based program which is located in Southeastern Massachusetts. The program targets children in their early childhood age; 3-5 years old. The age bracket is in line with the children who are supposed to gather knowledge before they begin their primary school journey.

Developmental Needs and Risk Factors

Development needs

The development needs which are identified in the program and which are also in line with the targeted group know shapes, colors, and letters (Rolnick & Grunewald, 2003). The reason why these needs are essential is associated with the fact that the program is in place to make sure that the children who go through the program are equipped to take on the primary school challenges. Therefore, making sure that they are ready for their primary school education is meeting their needs.

Risk factors

Risk factors are poor parenting, lack of parents’ and elder siblings’ attention, incompetent teachers, and availability of materials. Poor parenting affects especially for a child who is developing. Parents have a significant role when it comes to providing a peaceful learning environment; therefore when parents are not supportive, they expose the child to a risk of not grasping what he or she is supposed to grasp (Rolnick & Grunewald, 2003). Teachers also have a role to play when it comes to preparing a child for primary school. When they are incompetent, they affect the development process of the child negatively. Availability of learning materials is also an aspect that promotes the development of the child. Therefore, if materials are not available, the child might not gain the knowledge he or she needs.

Resiliency factors

The resiliency factors are safe and effective school systems, availability of programs, and positive parenting skills. The program goes a long way in equipping the children and preparing them for the next stage in their lives. A reliable school system also has a positive effect because they make the learning process enjoyable and effective. Positive parenting keeps the focus on connection, cooperation, learning and growing together in these early years. There is so much happening between the third and fifth year of a child’s life. Preschoolers benefit from a lot of play, discovery, and kind, respectful guidance. Discipline for three to five year olds can be positive and effective (Positive Parenting Connection, 2018).

Program Description

Head Start is a free child development program which provides comprehensive education, health, nutrition and social services to pre-school children from income eligible families. The overall goal of Head Start is to increase the child’s effectiveness in dealing with everyday life and later responsibilities in school and life. Because parents are the most important influence in their child’s development, Head Start provides many opportunities for parents to become involved in the program, and to improve their own education and employment potential (Citizens for Citizens, Inc., 2008).

References

Anderson, L. M., Shinn, C., Fullilove, M. T., Scrimshaw, S. C., Fielding, J. E., Normand, J., & Task Force on Community Preventive Services. (2003). The effectiveness of early childhood development programs: A systematic review. American journal of preventive medicine, 24(3), 32-46.

Citizens for Citizens, Inc. (2008). Retrieved January 03, 2018, from http://cfcinc.org/about-us/programs/head-start-programs/head-start/

Positive Parenting Connection. (2018). Retrieved January 03, 2018, from https://www.positiveparentingconnection.net/preschoolers-3-5-years/

Rolnick, A., & Grunewald, R. (2003). Early childhood development: Economic development with a high public return. The Region, 17(4), 6-12.