Population Health: Healthcare-Associated Infections

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Population Health: Healthcare-Associated Infections

Anne Marie WouapetName

Walden UniversitySchool

NURS 8310 Section 03, Epidemiology and Population HealthClass

March 18, 2018Date

 

Well done

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Healthcare-Associated Infections

Healthcare-Associated infections (HAI) are infections acquired by patients in the course of receiving medical or surgical care. In modern healthcare, there are many procedures and invasive techniques that are meant to improve the health of patients. However, some of these healthcare procedures may put the patients at the risk of infection, such as………… HAIs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in healthcare institutions in the United States (Sievert et al., 2013). Additionally, these infections have led to an increased cost of healthcare. HAIs occur in various healthcare settings such as surgical centers, acute care centers, long-term care facilities, and even outpatient centers. There is need to improve the quality of care to reduce and possibly completely eradicate HAIs to enhance the quality of healthcare. The purpose of this paper is to discuss HAIs as a population health problem and develop a research topic on this health issue.

About Healthcare-Associated Infections

Person

All people who visit healthcare facilities for medical or surgical treatment can acquire HAIs. However, there are some groups of people that are at a greater risk than others. The elderly population is at the highest risk of acquiring HAIs because of their increasing immune deficiencies (Sievert et al., 2013). The elderly people’s deteriorating immune system makes them more susceptible to infections by pathogens that are commonly found in the healthcare environment.

Place

HAIs have been reported in every state in the United States. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has two HAI surveillance programs that track the rate of infections in all U.S. states and records the trends. According to CDC reports from 2015, at least 1 in every 25 patients acquire infections in the healthcare setting (Umscheid et al., 2011). These infections are most prevalent in specific areas of healthcare such as surgical sites and intensive care units.

Time

The occurrence of HAIs is not seasonal. Patients are at the risk of acquiring infections at any time of the year provided they are exposed to an environment containing the pathogens that could cause the infections to occur. However, patients are at a greater risk at a time when they are undergoing surgical procedures or during antibiotic use.

The significance of this Health Problem

HAI is one of the major population health issues that affect the United States healthcare system. The United States Department of Health and Human Services has reflected its objective to reduce and eventually eliminate hospital-acquired infections through the Healthy People 2020 initiative. Health People 2020 identifies some of the risk factors that increase the chances of acquiring infections while receiving medical care. These include antibiotic use and medical procedures, organizational factors, lack of handwashing among healthcare workers and individual patient characteristics (Healthy People 2020, 2014). Various preventive strategies have been developed in a bid to eliminate HAIs, but research shows that these strategies have only been effective in reducing 70% of the infections (Sievert et al., 2013). Therefore, there is still the need to make more changes to reduce the infections and the morbidity and mortality that they cause. Research shows that proper education and training of healthcare workers in one of the most important strategies that can help to reduce infections in healthcare (Umscheid et al., 2011). This strategy helps to improve the best practices for healthcare workers to enhance the quality of care that they provide to patients.

Research Question

Does handwashing education among healthcare workers compared to lack of handwashing education help to reduce the rate of healthcare-associated infections among the elderly population in healthcare facilities within a year?

P: Elderly population within healthcare facilities

I: handwashing education

C: lack of handwashing education

O: reduce the rate of healthcare-associated infections

T: a year

Conclusion

In spite of the many strategies in place to improve the quality of healthcare, HAIs are still a great population issue affecting medical institutions in the United States. Many strategies have been put in place to eliminate these infections, but there are still patients who are affected while in the course of treatment for other medical issues. There is need to create and improve more strategies that will enable the complete eradication of HAIs.

 

 

 

References

Healthy People 2020 (2014). Healthcare-associated Infections. Retrieved from: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/healthcare-associated-infections

Sievert, D. M., Ricks, P., Edwards, J. R., Schneider, A., Patel, J., Srinivasan, A., … & Fridkin, S. (2013). Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009–2010. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 34(1), 1-14. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/668770

Umscheid, C. A., Mitchell, M. D., Doshi, J. A., Agarwal, R., Williams, K., & Brennan, P. J. (2011). Estimating the proportion of healthcare-associated infections that are reasonably preventable and the related mortality and costs. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 32(2), 101-114. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/657912

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MEASURES OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY (USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY)

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Module 2 – Case

MEASURES OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY (USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY)

Case Assignment

Twenty-five children in Fallsburg Elementary School (with a population of 60 pupils) received their immunization against whooping cough to protect the school’s student population. In your role as health officer, you collected the documentation from parents on the first day of school. You found that 25 students had received their immunization against the disease. You have been asked to explain some basic epidemiologic concepts to the parents who did not have their children immunized.

You have been tasked to do the following:

  1. Define the term population at risk and indicate which of the elementary students are not at risk.
  2. Also describe the difference between incidence and prevalence.

Be sure to justify your response with evidence from the literature.

Length: 2–3 pages, excluding title page and references.

Assignment Expectations

Assessment and Grading: Your paper will be assessed based on the performance assessment rubric that is linked within the course. Review it before you begin working on the assignment.

Your work should also follow these Assignment Expectations.

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Mary is a 35 years old electrical engineer who presents to the office for evaluation of a rash on her face that has been present for 1 week.

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Mary is a 35 years old electrical engineer who presents to the office for evaluation of a rash on her face that has been present for 1 week. She denies new soaps, detergents, lotions, environmental exposures, medications, and foods. The rash is across her face and the bridge of her nose. She states that she first noticed it after spending a week hiking and camping in the Appalachians. The lesions itch and are painful. She has not tried anything to make it better, but she has noticed that going outdoors makes it worse. She denies any spread of the rash to other areas. She has never had this rash before.

She has noticed some increased fatigue, fever, and weight loss. She denies headache, sore throat, ear pain, nasal or sinus congestion, chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, abdominal pain, and pain with urination, constipation, or diarrhea. She does have mouth soreness. She has noticed some increased muscle aches and pains, which are worse in the hand and wrist. She denies early morning joint stiffness or difficulty with being able to move in the morning. She denies temperature intolerance, polyuria, polydipsia, or polyphagia.

She had a tonsillectomy at age 9 for chronic strep throat infections. She has been healthy as an adult. She has never had children. She has never been hospitalized for any reason.

Her family history is significant for a mother with rheumatoid arthritis. Her father is healthy.

She does not smoke; she drinks a glass of wine nearly every night with her dinner; she denies illicit drug use. She completed a master’s degree in engineering. She has lived with her boyfriend for the past 5 years.

Patient is an alert young woman, sitting comfortably on the examination table. BP 112/66 mm Hg; HR 62 BPM and regular; respiratory rate 12 breaths/min; temperature 100.3°F. Several erythematous plaques scattered over the cheeks and the bridge of nose, sparing the nasolabial folds. Normocephalic, atraumatic. Sclera white, conjunctivae clear; pupils constrict from 4 mm to 2 mm and equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation. Oropharynx moist with erythema in the posterior pharyngeal wall; no exudates; shallow ulcers in the buccal mucosa bilaterally. Neck supple without cervical lymphadenopathy or thyromegaly. Full range of motion; no swelling or deformity; muscles with normal bulk and tone.

Instructions:

    Make a whole history and physical examination in a comprehensive manner with all its elements included: CC, HPI, PMH, FH, SH, MEDICATIONS, ALLERGIES, ROS PER APPARATUS OR SYSTEMNS, HEAD TO TOE PHYSIACL EXAMINATION PER SYSTEMS ( write your presentation in H&P format no paragraph format).

 

          Based on this information, what is your presumptive nursing diagnosis? All nursing diagnosis that apply to the case written in NANDA format related to … and evidence by…., NO MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS.

  Teaching plan and nursing care plan per each nursing diagnosis on this case.

Requirements.

1- All written assignment and documentations must be  in APA 6th edition format.

2- Double spaces, minimum 4 pages long , minimum 3 up to date bibliography. (UP to date means last 3 years.), Note: you can use your test book as bibliography too, bibliography have to be written in APA format.

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Privacy and Technologie: Balancing Public safety and Privacy

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Any Internet sources must be attributable to an author or a recognized organization (e.g. Wikipedia sources are not acceptable).
Any sources taken from the Internet must be printed out and included in the Appendix.
All sources must be included in a correctly formatted References page.

And if you can use those text (in part)  it’s will be perfect